船舶安全与管理 Maritime Safety Management Given By：卜仁祥 第一章 船舶营运安全概论 Introduction to Ship Operation Safety 主要内容content: l第一节 安全科学概论(Introduction to safety science) l第二节 船舶营运系统(ship operation system) l第三节 船舶安全管理的途径和方法(Approaches and techniques of Maritime Safety Management ) 第一节 安全科学概论(Introduction to safety science) l安全科学概述(Summarization of Safety Science) l事故致因理论(Accident-causing Theories) l事故控制观(Accident-countermeasure Concept) 安全科学概述(Summarization of Safety Science) l安全科学起源(safety science origination) l安全科学的基本要素结构(basic element of safety science) 安全科学起源安全的概念 definition of safety lDefinition given by most dictionaries:The condition of being free from safe; undergoing or causing hurt ,injury or loss. lSafety professionals use : 1. Safety is a quality of a system that allows the system to function under predetermined conditions with an acceptable minimum of accidental loss. 2. Safety is a perceived quality that determine to what extent the management, engineering and operation of a system is free from of danger to life, property and environment. 安全的概念(definition of safety) l字典：与危险相对，没有事故、伤害发生。 l安全工作学者定义： 系统本身决定远离危险的程度的性质 lDifference of Safety buoy;aids to navigation;signal light lRegulations or rules Ship Operation System-Seafarer element l船员是船舶营运系统中最能动的因素 l船员编制特点：人数较少、各司其职 lSTCW公约(International Convention on Standards of Training,Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers) 职能发证 l船员分为：管理、操作、支持三个级别。 Ship Operation System-Seafarer element lStatistic study showed:80 percent marine accidents were caused by human factor 国际公认的统计分析结论：80%的海事由人为因素造成 grounding：90： Fire l2 establish safeguards against all identified risks; and l3 continuously improve safety management skills of personnel ashore and aboard ships, including preparing for emergencies related both to safety and environmental protection. 船舶安全管理的要求： l即公司的船舶安全管理目标： 1、提供船舶营运的安全做法和安全工作环境； 2、标识一切可能的风险，制定防范措施并保证其 有效性； 3、不断提高岸上及船上人员的安全管理技能，包 括安全及环境保护方面的应急准备 船舶安全管理的途径: safety net lAn international Maritime Safety Management system: Asafety net International Maritime Organization lto provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention lDocumentation: Convention; Protocol; Code; Resolution; Circular. linstitution: Assembly:(held biyearly,adopt resolutions; amend conventions or codes, etc) Council:(MSC)maritime safety council; MEPC;LEG;TC;FAL; IMO Conventions lConvention List Maritime sfety Marine pollution Liability and compensation Other subjects lclassical (or positive) acceptance procedure ltacit or passive acceptance procedure IMO Conventions-Maritime safety International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 International Convention on Load Lines (LL), 1966 Special Trade Passenger Ships Agreement (STP), 1971 Protocol on Space Requirements for Special Trade Passenger Ships, 1973 Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG), 1972 International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC), 1972 IMO Conventions-Maritime safety Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT), 1976 The Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels (SFV), 1977 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW), 1978 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel (STCW-F), 1995 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR), 1979 IMO Conventions-Marine pollution International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78) International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties (INTERVENTION), 1969 Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (LDC), 1972 IMO Conventions-Marine pollution International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC), 1990 Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 2000 (HNS Protocol) International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti- fouling Systems on Ships (AFS), 2001 International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004 IMO Conventions-Liability and compensation International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC), 1969 International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (FUND), 1971 Convention relating to Civil Liability in the Field of Maritime Carriage of Nuclear Material (NUCLEAR), 1971 IMO Conventions-Liability and compensation Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea (PAL), 1974 Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC), 1976 International Convention on Lia