密 级： 学校代码：10075 分类号： 学 号：20090428 文学硕士学位论文 汉阿状语对比及阿拉伯人学习汉语状语 偏误预测 学位申请人 ：魏志宽 指 导 教 师 ：郭伏良 教授 学 位 级 别 ：文学硕士 学 科 专 业 ：语言学及应用语言学 授 予 单 位 ：河北大学 答 辩 日 期 ：二一二年五月 Classified Index: CODE:10075 U.D.C.: NO.:20090428 A Dissertation for the Degree of M.Arts The Anais of the program feature of CCTV 360 The Contrast of Chinese and Arabic Adverbials and Prediction of Bias Made by Arabs Learning Chinese Adverbial Candidate: Wei Zhikuan Supervisor: Prof. Guo Fuliang Academic Degree Applied for: Master of Arts Speciality: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics University: Hebei University Date of Oral Examination: May, 2012 摘 要 I 摘 要 本文在前人研究的基础上， 对汉语和阿拉伯语状语及其相关内容做了全面系统的描 述。内容包括汉语和阿拉伯语对状语的界定、状语与中心语的语义关系、状语的结构标 志、汉语中的特殊状语以及多项状语的排列顺序等内容。尝试在以上对比的基础上预测 以阿拉伯语为母语的汉语学习者在学习汉语的过程中可能出现的偏误。 通过对两种语言的对比，发现他们的状语成分主要存在五大差异，内容如下： 第一、汉语关于状语的概念主要侧重于状语与谓语中心语之间的语义联系，阿拉伯 语关于状语的界定则主要决定于状语与主语、谓语和宾语三者语义关系。 第二、汉语状语为前置型状语，阿拉伯语状语是后置型状语。 第三、汉语可以充当状语的单位主要有词和短语两类，而阿拉伯语除了词和短语可 以做状语以外句子也可以担任状语。 第四、汉语状语的结构标志“地”的使用情况比较复杂，可用，可不用，有时必须 用。阿拉伯语结构关系更为清晰，结构标志一般必须使用。 第五、汉语中有一些特殊的状语形式，阿拉伯语中或者完全不存在或者没有对应的 形式。 由以上比较， 我们预测阿拉伯语为母语的学生在学习汉语时可能出现的偏误有以下 几点： 第一、状语和中心语位置颠倒，尤其是状语比较复杂的时候。 第二、阿拉伯语对结构关系要求非常严格，重视结构标志的使用，状语标志必须使 用；汉语状语标志的使用情况比较复杂，由此导致汉语学习者对“地”的使用偏误。 第三、由于阿拉伯语句子也可以充当状语，这就导致学生把阿拉伯语的 句子状语 转换成汉语词或者短语状语的困难。 第四、阿拉伯语为母语的学生在学习汉语特殊的状语形式时存在困难。 第五、阿拉伯语学生在状语的翻译中容易把状语翻译为主语或者宾语 的定语，造 成状语缺失；或者不能将阿拉伯语状语恰当地翻译成汉语主语或者状语的定语。 在此基础上,我们设计测试问卷，突出测试重点，组织测试，验证测试结果。在测试 结果的基础上我们得出结论，状语与中心语的位置关系、状语标志“地” 、句子状语向 摘 要 II 词和短语状语的转化和复杂状语的排列等问题是学生学习和使用汉语状语的主要偏误 和难点。 关键词 对比语言学 汉语 阿拉伯语 偏误 状语 Abstract III Abstract This essay, based on previous research, describes Chinese and Arabic adverbials in a system comprehensively. It contents the different definitions of adverbialthe semantic relations between adverbial and central wordsthe sign of adverbialthe order of number of adverbials and so on in Chinese and Arabic languages. I try to predict the biases from Chinese learners of Arabic as mother tongue based on the contradistinction I have done above. By contradistinction, I find five big differences between Chinese and Arabic adverbials, as follows: First, The definition of Chinese adverbial mainly depends on the semantic relations between adverbial and predicate; But, the definition of Arabic adverbial mainly depends on the semantic relations among adverbial and predicate subject object. Second, Chinese adverbial is before predicate; Arabic after. Third, in Chinese, words and phrases can work as adverbials; in Arabic, besides words and phrases, sentences also can be adverbials. Fourth, The use of the sign of Chinese adverbial,” 地”,is a little complicated, sometimes we use, sometimes we do not use, sometimes it depends; The sign of Arabic adverbial, we must use in any condition. Fifth, There are some special adverbial forms in Chinese , these forms either do not exist or there are no corresponding ones in Arabic. From the contradistinction above, we predict the biases made by students , whose mother tongue is Arabic, when they learn Chinese as a second language. As follows: First, the location of adverbial and predicate were reversed, especially, when adverbial is a little complicated. Second, Arabic is strict in terms of grammatical structure, stress on the sign of the grammatical structure, so, the sign of adverbial must be used. However, the sign of Chinese adverbial is more complicated than Arabic one. Abstract IV Third, in Arabic, sentences can be adverbial, in Chinese can not, so students may be confused when they should change sentences adverbial into word or phrase adverbial. Fourth, it is difficult for students whose mother tongue is Arabic to learn special Chinese adverbials. Fifth, sometimes, Arabic students maybe translate Arabic adverbial into Chinese attribute of subject and object totally; or they can not translate Arabic adverbial into Chinese attribute of subject and object correctly. Based on what we mentioned above, we design test questionnaire, stress on the test focus, organize test, check the result of the test. Then ,we make a conclusion that the five kinds of biases above exist commonly. Keywords Contrastive Linguistics Chinese Arabic Biase Adverbial 目 录 V 目 录 第 1 章 绪论1 1.1 选题依据1 1.2 本文中对比研究的对象 1 1.3 本文对比研究的性质2 1.4 本文涉及的对比研究方法