太原理工大学 硕士学位论文 多孔陶瓷滤球的制备与性能研究 姓名：王立福 申请学位级别：硕士 专业： 指导教师：贾虎生 20090501 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 I 多孔陶瓷滤球的制备与性能研究 多孔陶瓷滤球的制备与性能研究 摘 要 污水净化是解决水资源短缺的有效途径之一，目前欧美国家和日本 等已广泛采用瀑气生物滤池技术处理污水，我国也已开始研究和小规模 应用瀑气生物滤池技术。而生物滤料集过滤和生物载体于一体，是影响 水处理质量的关键之一。我国的滤料大多采用碎石、炉渣、普通陶粒、 玻璃钢或塑料等。这些滤料存在不宜于生物挂膜、水流阻力大、孔隙率 小等缺点，限制了生物滤池在我国水处理中的应用。 本课题分别以沙子和粘土为骨料，选用煤粉、活性炭、石墨为造孔 剂，添加少量碳酸钙和碳酸镁为助熔剂，制备了轻质、圆形、廉价的多 孔陶瓷滤球。采用阿基米德静力称重法测试了滤球的显气孔率和体积密 度。得到如下结论： （1）以沙子和普通粘土为骨料，成功制备出性能合格、价格低廉的 多孔陶瓷滤球。 （2）以粘土为骨料，选用高低温复合造孔剂，制备的多孔陶瓷的性 能最佳。 在最佳工艺条件下， 制备的多孔陶瓷滤球其显气孔率为 62.41%、 体积密度为 1.12gcm-3、抗压强度大于 20MPa；且表面粗糙有利于生物挂 膜。 （3）选用活性炭单一造孔剂时，发现当以粘土为骨料时，在烧结温 度为 1125，保温时间为 60min，造孔剂的含量为 25wt%的最佳工艺下， 能够制备出显气孔率为 50.17%，体积密度为 1.27gcm-3，抗压强度大于 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 II 16MPa 的多孔陶瓷滤球； 而以建筑用沙为骨料时， 在烧结温度为 1125， 保温时间为 60min，造孔剂的含量为 20wt%的最佳工艺条件下，制备的 滤球显气孔率为30.78%， 体积密度为1.81gcm-3， 抗压强度大于24.74MPa。 可见以粘土为骨料制备的多孔陶瓷滤球性能优于以建筑用沙为骨料制备 的多孔陶瓷滤球。 （4） 以建筑用沙为骨料时， 选用颗粒堆积和添加造孔剂复合造孔法， 制备的多孔陶瓷滤球，其显气孔率的范围为：8.36%-31.23%，抗压强度 的范围为：10.18- 29.34MPa，体积密度的范围为:1.69-2.31 gcm-3。但多孔 陶瓷滤球的形状不是规则的球体，影响水流速度；且烧结温度较高。 （5）通过对多孔陶瓷滤球烧结影响因素的分析，得出滤球的性能主 要受烧结温度、保温时间、造孔剂的含量的影响。气孔率随烧结温度的 升高而减小，体积密度和抗压强度随烧结温度的升高而变大；保温时间 越长，气孔率越小，而体积密度和抗压强度增大。造孔剂含量越多，气 孔率越大，体积密度和抗压强度越小。 （6）通过对滤球微观结构分析发现，多孔陶瓷的微观孔洞包括通孔 和闭孔，孔径尺寸在几微米到几百微米之间，造孔剂的种类、烧结温度 和保温时间都会影响孔洞的数量和尺寸。随烧结温度的升高，通孔的数 量在减少，闭孔的数量在增加，且其孔径的尺寸变小；随保温时间的延 长，孔径尺寸先逐渐变大，随后又逐渐变小；选用高低温复合造孔剂时， 微孔数量多于单一造孔剂。 关键词：多孔陶瓷滤球，造孔剂，烧结，粘土，建筑用沙 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 III STUDY ON PROPERTIES AND PREPARATION OF POROUS CERAMICS FILTER BULBS ABSTRACT Sewage purification is one of most effective way to solve shortage of water resource. At present, the process of Biological aeration filters (BAF) for disposing of sewage was adopted widely by European and American countries and Japan and so on. And the process of BAF was studied and adopted in miniature in our country. Yet biological filter materials with filtration and biological carrier were one of the most important key for quality of water treatment. The filter materials such as broken stone, slag, general ceramsite, glass fibre reinforced plastic and plastic were adopted in our country. The shortcomings of above mentioned filter materials such as going against biology hanging the membrane, counterworking stream, low porosity limited application of water treatment in our country. In this experiment, sand for building and common clay were respectively used as starting material, coal dust, activated carbon and graphite powder were used as pore-forming agent, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate were used as fluxing agent. Porous ceramics filter bulbs with light weight, roundness, low cost were fabricated. Then porosity and bulk density were measured by Archimedes static weighing method and conclusions were reached as follows. (1)Porous ceramics filter bulbs with eligible properties and low cost were fabricated by sand for building and common clay as starting material. (2)The optimal properties of Porous ceramics filter bulbs were fabricated with common clay as starting material and compound pore-forming agent. 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IV Under the optimum conditions, porous ceramics filter bulbs were fabricated with porosity of 62.41%, bulk density of 1.12 gcm-3, compressive strength of above 20MPa and coarse surface. (3)With single pore-forming agent and common clay as starting material, under optimal technics that was sintering temperature of 1125, holding time of 60min and contents of pore-forming agent of 25wt%, porous ceramics filter bulbs were fabricated with porosity of 62.41%, bulk density of 1.12 gcm-3, compressive strength of above 20MPa. However, with single pore-forming agent and sands as starting material, under optimal technics that was sintering temperature of 1125, holding time of 60min and content of pore-forming agent of 20wt%, porous ceramics filter bulbs were fabricated with porosity of 30.78%, bulk density of 1.81gcm-3, compressive strength of above 24.74MPa. So the conclusion that the properties of porous ceramics filter bulbs with clay as starting material were better than the one with sands as starting material was reached. (4) With sands for building as starting material and compound pore-forming methods of particles accumulation and appending pore-forming agent, porous ceramics filter bulbs with porosity of 8.36%31.23%, bulk density of 1.692.31 gcm-3 and compressive strength of 10.1829.34MPa were fabricated. Yet the shapes of porous ceramics filter bulbs were not regular roundness, which went against speed of stream. And sintering temperature of porous ceramics filter bulbs was too high. (5)Through the analysis of sintering influencing factor of porous ceramics filter bulbs, it was found that the properties of the porous ceramics were affected by sintering temperature, holding time and contents of pore-forming agent. The porosity decreased with the increase of sintering temperature and holding time, and increased with the increase of contents of pore-forming agent.T