南京航空航天大学 硕士学位论文 黄麻纤维的复合处理及其聚丙烯基复合材料研究 姓名：王鑫鑫 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：材料加工工程 指导教师：崔益华 2011-03 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 i 摘 要 为了改善黄麻纤维/聚丙烯复合材料的界面相容性，本文分别采用碱/硅烷偶联、碱/甲基丙 烯酸甲酯接枝、碱/聚酰胺（PA6）包覆等方法对黄麻纤维进行表面处理。通过红外光谱对其处 理效果进行了表征，分析了三种表面处理方法的作用机理。将处理后的黄麻纤维与聚丙烯复合 制备了复合材料试样，对其进行了力学性能（拉伸、弯曲、冲击等）和吸水性能测试与表征。 通过对试样冲击断口形貌的观察，分析了复合材料的界面结合特性及破坏机理。 结果表明，当黄麻纤维含量为 25%时，与未处理的相比，经过三种复合处理后复合材料的 拉伸强度分别提高了 28.2%、40.4%、50.2%；弯曲强度分别提高了 24.1%、27.6%和 39.3%；弯 曲模量分别提高了 17.1%、16.3%和 19.9%。碱/偶联、碱/接枝处理分别使复合材料的冲击韧性 提高了 18.0%和 15.4%，碱/包覆处理的复合材料其冲击韧性略有降低。三种表面复合处理后的 黄麻纤维与基体之间的界面结合均有所改善，但纤维拔出和界面脱粘仍是此类复合材料的主要 破坏形式。 吸水性能研究表明：与未处理的相比，三种复合处理使复合材料864h后的吸水率分别下降 了24.6%、32.9%和18.1%，厚度膨胀率分别下降了33%、37.8%和27.4%，拉伸强度保持率分别 提高了1.5%、6.0%、15.5%。复合材料的冲击韧性随吸水时间的延长有所上升，当吸水时间超 过144h后又逐渐下降。水分的浸入会导致复合材料的界面脱粘，这也是复合材料力学性能下降 的主要原因。总之，采用碱/ PA6包覆处理黄麻纤维可使复合材料获得的综合性能。 关键词关键词：黄麻纤维，聚丙烯，复合材料，界面，力学性能，吸水性能。 黄麻纤维的复合处理及其聚丙烯基复合材料的研究 ii ABSTRACT To improve the interfacial compatibility of jute fiber/polypropylene composites, three compound treatments including alkali-silane coupling, alkali-methyl methacrylate grafting, alkali-polyamide coating, were used to treat jute fibers. Then the surface treated jute fibers were characterized by infrared analysis and were melten mixed with polypropylene to fabricate composites. Mechanical properties including tensile, flexural and impact properties, and water absorption behavior were tested and characterized. The interfacial combination and fracture mechanism were analyzed through observation of impact fracture surface morphology through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that when the weight fraction of jute fiber was 25%, the tensile strength of composites with jute fiber treated by the above three methods were increased by 28.2%, 40.4% and 50.2% respectively. The flexural strength was increased by 24.1%, 27.6% and 39.3%, respectively. The flexural modulus was increased by 17.1%, 16.3% and 19.9%, respectively. The impact toughness of alkali-silane coupling, alkali-methyl methacrylate grafting composites were increased by 18% and 15.4%, respectively, while slight decrease was happened for alkali-polyamide coating composites. All of the three different composite interfaces between the treated jute fibers and matrix were improved at a certain extent. Fiber pull-out and interface debonding were the main fracture styles of this kind of composites. The results of water absorption behavior indicated that compared with the untreated composites, the water absorption rate of the three differently treated composites after 864h of immersion in water were decreased by 24.6%, 32.9% and 18.1%. The thickness swelling was decreased by 33%, 37.8% and 27.4% respectively, and the tensile strength remain rates were increased by 1.5%, 6.0% and 15.5% respectively. The impact toughness of composites was increased with the increasing of water absorption time and would gradually decrease after being immersed in water for 144h. Water absorption of composites would result in interface debonding, which was the main reason for the decrease in mechanical properties. Generally, the alkali and polyamide treated composites possessed the optimum comprehensive properties. Keywords: jute fiber, polypropylene, composites, interface, mechanical properties, water absorption properties. 黄麻纤维的复合处理及其聚丙烯基复合材料的研究 vi 图清单 图 1.1 脱水-D-葡萄糖的分子结构.4 图 1.2 异氰酸酯与剑麻纤维的反应原理图.7 图 1.3 纤维的乙酰化反应示意图.8 图 1.4 MAPP 对麻纤维表面改性示意图.10 图 1.5 本课题的技术路线图.14 图 2.1 碱处理前后黄麻纤维的表面状态.16 图 2.2 碱处理黄麻纤维的红外图谱.17 图 2.3 KH550 处理黄麻纤维的红外图谱.18 图 2.4 MMA 接枝黄麻纤维的红外图谱.20 图 2.5 包覆前后黄麻纤维的表面状态.22 图 2.6 包覆处理黄麻纤维的红外图谱.22 图 3.1 黄麻纤维的碱/偶联处理对 JFPCs 拉伸强度的影响 .28 图 3.2 黄麻纤维的碱/偶联处理对 JFPCs 弯曲强度的影响 .30 图 3.3 黄麻纤维的碱/偶联处理对 JFPCs 弯曲模量的影响 .31 图 3.4 黄麻纤维的碱/偶联处理对 JFPCs 冲击韧性的影响 .