太原理工大学 硕士学位论文 无功耗电动机性能测试技术研究 姓名：金来专 申请学位级别：硕士 专业： 指导教师：李铁鹰;陈政石 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 I 无功耗电动机性能测试技术研究 摘 要 近年来，随着经济的飞速发展，电机的品种和产量日益增加，电 机的性能和质量指标亦相应提高， 这对电机测试技术提出了更高的要 求。目前测试电机特性，国内外仍广泛采用的是以直流它励电机作为 模拟负载与被测电机同轴联接的方式的测试系统。 这种测试方法在实 验过程中会白白浪费掉大量的能量，与节能减排的国家政策相违背。 无功耗电机性能测试技术是一种新型的简单快捷的电机性能测试技术， 与传统的电机测试系统相比，它在系统结构上有了重大改进，将常规 的以“被测试感应电动机直流电力测功机负载电阻”为结构改成 了同轴电动机组结构， 变频电源主电路采用了两台逆变器直流母线并 联工作方式， 各自的变频输出电压分别驱动被测电机和与被测电机同 型号的另台电动机。 通过控制系统实施对两台逆变器的频差控制来确 定两台电动机的不同工作状态。该系统在结构上的有着重大改变，而 它的功能指标、 控制特性也获得了全面的提高， 尤其是它的节能特性。 本课题研究无功耗电动机性能测试技术研究系统， 是以 STM32 微控制 器为控制核心，智能功率模块(IPM)为逆变开关器件，结合空间电压 矢量调制(SVPWM)的磁场定向技术完成了系统的组建和实现。硬件 上，实验系统以 PC 为控制平台，负责频差控制方式选择、电机控制 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 II 参数(频率值)的给定以及电机测试参数的显示；以 STM32 和 IPM 为 控制核心，构成交-直-交电压型结构的双逆变器和主控制电路，来驱 动双电机运行并在该系统的基础上进行电机的各种测试实验以完成 电机测试部分。PC 机和 STM32 之间通过串行口相互通讯。实验系统 的软件设计主要分为两部分：上位机的监控显示界面程序和 STM32 端的应用控制程序。 上位机程序采用 VB6.0 为设计工具， 完成界面设 计和串行通信实现。STM32 端应用程序是以 keil 为开发工具，用 C 编写了应用程序模块。该系统具有硬件结构简单、界面友好和测量方 便快捷等优点。通过对系统的测试，该系统不仅能够完成电机测试系 统需要完成的各种试验，更重要的是有着高效的节能特性。该测试系 统的建立， 对今后进一步研究基于无功耗电机性能测试技术奠定了基 础。由于作者的水平有限，论文中可能存在许多不足之处，有待进一 步研究。 关键词： 电机测试，STM32，频差控制，交流电机，SVPWM，磁 场定向 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 III NO ENERGY LOSS ELECTRICAL MOTOR TEST ABSTRACT In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy, the motor variety and yield increased,the motor performance and quality indicators increased correspondingly, the motor test technology that has put forward higher requirements.Currently， motor maehinery test at home and abroad are still widely using the system that adopt direct-current generator as fictitious load coaxial connection with the motor measured. This kind of testing in the experiment will be wasted a lot of energy,its also contrary to national policy on energy conservation. No energy loss electrical motor test is a new motor performance test technology ， Compared with traditional electrical motor test system, this system architecture has been significant improved. It uses an AC motor as dummy load and changes the structure of conventional coaxial motor-generator group into the structure of coaxial motor-motor group, and the drive power is composed of two parallel inverters and frequency difference control circuit. The output voltages from two parallel inverters, 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IV respectively drive the motor measured and the other motor with same type and size.Two inverters can be controlled bymeans of difference frequeney.The advantage of this system is not only in the change of strueture，but more important is that the function index，control feature are much more improved，espeeially for its characteristic of economical energy. This study is founded on the no energy loss electrical motor test ,using STM32 microcontrollers as control core and IPM(Intelligence Power Module) as inverter and combines FOC technology. Hardware, the experimental system is using the PC as control platform responsible for selecting the slip-frequency control mode and setting motor parameters (frequency value) and the electrical test parameters display on the screen. STM32 microcontrollers and IPM are control core，constitute the AC-DC-AC voltage source inverters strucure and main control circuit to drive two motors running and completing range of electrical motor testing in order to complete some electrical testing and get motor test parameters. STM32 and PC are mutual communication by serial port. Experimental system software design is divided into two parts: the host computers monitor display interface and the application procedures of STM32. Using VB6.0 design tools to complete the design and implementation of serial communication interface. STM32 application program using keil for the development of tools, applications program 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 V written using C modules. The system has the hardware structure simply, friendly interface and measurement accurate. By testing the system, the system can not only complete motor testing to complete the various tests, more importantly, it has a highly efficient energy-saving features. The establishment of the test system, based on further research on no energy loss electrical motor test technology foundation. Because of authors limited level, thesis may exist many shortcomings to be studied further. KEY WORDS: electrical motor test,STM32, slip-frequency control,AC motor, SVPWM,FOC 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IX 图表索引 图 2- 1 电动特性接线图.10 图 2- 2 再生功率循环的交流调速实验系统.11 图 2- 3 再生功率循环的交流调速实验系统.13 图 2- 4 双机特性曲线示意图.14 图 2- 5 系统能量流程图.17 图 3- 1 无功耗电机性能测试系统图.20 图 3- 2 变频器主电路简图.