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2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题十八 U,V,W,Y字部1. understandv.懂得,理解,明白;了解,知道;谅解,体谅词形变化:过去式understood,过去分词understood用法:make oneself understood清楚表达自己的意思;understand+ that/wh-从句。例如:Im not very good at German, but I can make myself understood. 我德语不太好,不过我能说清楚自己的意思。You dont need to understand how computers work to be able to use them. 要使用计算机不需要非得搞懂它的工作原理。词性转换:understanding adj.了解的额,有理解力的;n.谅解,理解;understandable adj.可以理解的反义词:misunderstand v.误解,误会(2019,北京卷,阅读C)To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing.2. usev.&n.利用,使用,应用关联词组:make (full/good) use of(充分)使用,利用;be in use在使用中;be of use (to sb.)(对某人)有用;for use供使用;easy to use使用方便;Its no use doing sth.做某事没用动词用法:常用结构有use sth. as sth.把某物用作;use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事;use sth. for (doing) sth.为(做)某事使用某物。例如:My parents use the house as a holiday home. 我父母把这房子用作度假屋。Most people now use their cars to go shopping. 现在大多数人开车去购物。They were using animals for scientific tests. 他们用动物做科学实验。名词用法:可数名词,表示“用途,用处”。例如:Robots have many different uses in modern industry. 机器人在现代工业中有多种不同用途。不可数名词,表示“用,使用”,指用的动作,仅以单数形式出现;其后通常接介词of。例如:the increasing use of computers in education 电脑在教育领域中越来越多的使用词性转换:used adj.二手的,使用过的;习惯的;usable adj.可用的;useful adj.有用的,有益的,有帮助的;useless adj.无用的;usage n.使用;用法;user n.用户,使用者(2019,山东卷,单项填空)20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, _ 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.A. although B. because C. if3. usualadj.通常的,平常的,寻常的关联词组:as usual像往常一样,照例;usual practice惯例,通常办法用法:It is usual (for sb./sth.) (to do sth.)(某人)通常(做某事);longer/higher/worse than usual比平时长/高/差。例如:It is usual to start a speech by thanking everybody for coming. 讲话前先感谢大家光临,这是惯例。He came home later than usual. 他回家比平时晚了些。词性转换:usually adv.通常,经常近义词:normal adj.正常的,一般的(2019,江苏卷,阅读表达)I find it very easy to lose myself in my diary when I am away from my usual activities.4. valuen.价值;益处关联词组:market value市场价值;economic value经济价值;social value社会价值用法:表示“价值”,与“钱”相关,相当于cost;后跟介词of。例如:to go up/rise/increase in value 升/增值;to go down/fall/drop in value 贬值表示“重要性,用/益处”,相当于benefit,只作不可数名词;be of great/little value很/没有价值。例如:His research has been of little practical value. 他的研究没有什么实用价值。词性转换:valuable adj.有价值的;贵重的;n.贵重物品(2019,江苏卷,填空)45. The Book of Poetry, the earliest collection of poems, is of great value in Chinese (历史).5. visitv.&n.参观,游览;访问,拜访,看望动词用法:visit+某地,表示“参观,游览”;visit+某人,表示“拜访,看望,访问”。例如:Which cities did you visit in Spain? 你在西班牙去了哪些城市?Eric went to Seattle to visit his cousins. 埃里克到西雅图去看望他的表兄弟。名词用法:pay a visit to sb./sth.参观/拜访。例如:If you have time, pay a visit to the local museum. 你若有空,参观一下当地的博物馆。关联单词:visitor n.访问者;参观者(2019,北京卷,单项填空)10.If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.A. will bookB. bookedC. have bookedD. was booking6. voicen.说话声;嗓音用法:特指唱歌的“声音、音质”。例如:Sophies got a lovely singing voice. 索菲有一副悦耳的歌喉。表示“说话声,嗓音”;常用搭配如speak in a deep/soft/loud/quiet voice 低沉地说、轻柔地说、大声地说、轻声地说;raise/lower your voice提高/压低嗓门;keep ones voice down 说话轻一些。例如:The police are here, she said in a low voice. “警察在这儿,”她低声说。还可喻指“意见,呼声”,或“发言权,表达意见的权利”;其后常接in sth.。例如:Governments need to listen to the voice of people.政府需要倾听民众的呼声。词性转换:voiceless adj.无声的;voiced adj.有声的;浊音的(2019,江苏卷,单项填空)9.Could you speak in a loud voice so that I can hear you _?A. quicklyB. happilyC. slowlyD. clearly7. waitv.等(待),等候关联词组:cant wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事;wait and see走着瞧;keep sb. waiting让某人等待用法:wait接宾语时通常先接for;wait (for sb./sth.) to do sth.等待()做某事。例如:I sat waiting patiently for the party to end. 我耐心地坐着等待聚会结束。Are you waiting to use the phone? 你在等着用电话吗?口语中常用wait a minute/second/moment表示“等一下;等等”。例如:Wait a moment, just let me think. 等一下,让我想想。(2019,北京卷,单项填空)1.Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I cant wait to see .A. herB. himC. itD. them8. warmadj.暖和的,温暖的;热情的用法:本义与温度相关,可形容事物本事温度适中;可形容身体感到温暖;可形容衣服或建筑物保暖、防寒;常和keep/stay搭配使用。例如:Here, put on your nice warm coat. 来,穿上你舒适暖和的大衣。Make sure you keep warm! 一定要穿暖和点!喻指“热情的,热忱的”,相当于friendly。例如:Please give a warm welcome to our special guest. 请热烈欢迎我们的特邀嘉宾。词性转换:warmth n.温暖,暖和;warmly adv.温暖地;热情地反义词:cool adj.凉(爽)的:注意其近义词cold(寒冷的)通常与hot(炎热的)相对(2019,北京卷,阅读A)My host mother is a Chinese teacher and she is really warm-hearted.9. warnv.警告,提醒,告诫;预先通知用法:warn sb. about/against sth.就某事警告某人;warn (sb.) of sth.警告某人某事;warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人(不)做某事。warn sb. (that/wh-从句)。例如:He warned us against thieves. 他提醒我们要提防小偷。They warned him of the dangers of sailing alone. 他们警告他独自航行的重重危险。I warned you not to walk home alone. 我告诫过你不要一个人走路回家。We warned them that there was a tiger in the woods. 我们提醒他们,林子里有一只老虎。词性转换:warning n.警告;预兆,预告(2019,湖南卷,语篇补全)In some places, fast currents(急流)can sweep swimmers away withou
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