华中科技大学 硕士学位论文 好氧颗粒污泥处理含铅废水的研究 姓名：林勇山 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：环境工程 指导教师：濮文虹 20090531 华中科技大学硕士学位论文 I 摘 要 摘 要 世界各国都普遍存在水体重金属污染的现状，含重金属废水的不断排放对生态 环境和人类健康的影响日趋严重，重金属废水的治理也受到越来越多的重视。好氧 颗粒污泥具有良好的吸附性能，且有致密、多孔的结构和良好的沉降性能，利用好 氧颗粒污泥处理重金属废水越来越受到学者的广泛关注和重视。由于目前好氧颗粒 污泥培养周期较长，如何进行好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养是个首要问题。 本研究分为两个部分，包括好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养和好氧颗粒污泥对铅离子 的吸附研究。试验分别考察丝状菌对好氧颗粒污泥形成过程的影响和好氧颗粒污泥 对含铅废水的吸附特性、模型、机理，并对好氧颗粒生物流化床技术在处理含铅废 水的可行性进行初步研究。 试验研究了如何进行好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养，通过在SBR中分别接种质量分 数为85%的絮状活性污泥和15%的丝状菌，采用以葡萄糖为碳源配制的人工模拟进 水，研究丝状菌对好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响。结果在15天内培养出理化性能良好的 好氧颗粒污泥，表明丝状菌能够大大加快好氧颗粒污泥的形成。反应器运行期间， 对COD、NH3-N、总氮和总磷的平均去除率分别为80.0%、86.9%、70.0%和42.5%， 且出水水质稳定，表明好氧颗粒污泥具有良好的除污效果。 试验同时研究了好氧颗粒污泥对含铅废水的吸附行为，表明其是一种较好的含 铅废水吸附剂。好氧颗粒污泥的碱化预处理对其吸附性能具有较好的促进作用。在 所研究的浓度范围内，好氧颗粒污泥对铅离子的吸附过程包括快速吸附和慢速吸附 两个阶段，Lagergren二级模型能较好地拟合其吸附动力学过程；Langmuir模型对其 吸附热力学过程拟合效果比Freundlich模型好；同时，离子交换在该吸附过程中起着 重要的作用。好氧颗粒生物流化床技术初步研究表明，该技术在处理含铅废水中具 有良好的可行性。研究结果表明，利用好氧颗粒污泥吸附剂处理含铅废水是可行的， 并且获得了较好的效果。 关键词：关键词：好氧颗粒污泥 含铅废水 生物吸附 SBR 华中科技大学硕士学位论文 II Abstract There exists a sever water resource contaminated by heavy metals not only in China but also all over the world. A great deal of wastewater containing the excessibe dangerous heavy metal ions has been discharged into the environment and would engender the great harm to the environmental ecology and the human health. Researchers pay more and more attention to the treatment of wastewater contained heavy metals. Aerobic granular sludge has great biosorption ability, compact, porous structure and excellent settling ability. The research on treating wastewater contained heavy metals with aerobic granular sludge has recently been given appropriate attention. Due to the long periods to cultivate aerobic granular sludge at present, how to get a rapid cultivation method is the chief problem. The research contained two parts, including rapid cultivation of aerobic granular sludge and adsorption of Pb2+. The effects of filamentous bacteria on the formation of aerobic granular sludge were investigated and factors having effects on the heavy metals uptake process were discussed in detail, the principle on biosorption of heavy metals was analyzed, as well as its biosorption models. The feasibility of AGBFB using in treatment of wastewater contained Pb2+ was studied. The rapid cultivation of aerobic granular sludge was investigated by inoculating 85% activated sludge and 15% filamentous bacteria, feeding synthetic municipal wastewater with glucose as carbon source in SBR. The aerobic granular sludge with good physicochemical properties was formed within 15 d. The results showed that filamentous bacteria could speed up the formation of aerobic granular sludge. During operation of the SBR, the average removal rate of COD、 NH3-N、 TN and TP is 80.0%、 86.9%、 70.0% and 42.5%, and yielded more stable quality of effluent water, indicating that the aerobic granular sludge had a better contaminant removal effect. The bisorption characteristic was also studied and results showed that aerobic granular sludge was a good biosorbent to treat wasterwater contained Pb2+. The removal 华中科技大学硕士学位论文 III ability of Pb2+ was raised when the biosorbent was pretreatment by NaOH. The kinetic processes of the adsorption included fast phase and slow phase, and the kinetic processes followed the Lagergren second-order rate expression. Biosorption equilibrium was studied, and Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation was better than Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation used to describe the biosorption of Pb2+ with aerobic granular sludge in the studied concentration range. The aerobic granular sludge adsorption mechanism study showed ion exchange played an important role in the adsorption of heavy metals. When using AGBFB to treat wastewater contained Pb2+, the preliminary study showed that this technology had a good feasibility. The results of research indicated that aerobic granular sludge adsorbent used in test had a better adsorbing ability in dealing with wastewater contained Pb2+. Keywords: Aerobic Granular Sludge; Wastewater Contained Pb2+; Biosorption; SBR 独创性声明独创性声明 本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的 研究成果。尽我所知，除文中已经标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人 或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体，均已 在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权 保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借 阅。本人授权华中科技大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进 行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 保密 ，在_年解密后适用本授权书。 本论文属于 不保密。 （请在以上方框内打“”） 学位论文作者签名： 指导教师签名： 日期： 年 月 日 日期： 年 月 日 华中科技大学硕士学位论文 1 1 绪绪 论论 现代工业中的电镀、采矿、冶炼、染料、石油、机械、农药、电池、油漆等行 业的不断发展，其排放的重金属废水已对生态环境造成严重的污染和破坏，影响到 人类的生存和生活。因此，对含重金属废水的治理已经成为环保领域的一个重要课 题，本章在总结该课题研究现状和进展的基础上，提出了本课题的研究目的、意义 和主要内容。 1.1 水体重金属污染现状水体重金属污染现状 在生态水环境中提到的重金属废水污染主要是指由铅、汞、镉、铬等毒性较大 的离子和镍、铜、锌等毒性相对较小的重金属离子所引发的水污染现象1。同时由 于硒和砷等理化性质和毒性与重金属元素类似，所以也将这两种元素及其化合物引 发的水污染归纳为水体重金属污染范围2。重金属废水污染的主要特征是其