IntroductionWhat is public speaking? Public speaking, as its name implies, is a way of making your ideas public of sharing them with other people and of influencing other people. A Brief Introduction to public speakingI. How to Prepare a Speech Stating Your Objectives： informtrainpersuadesell Analyzing Your Audience What to learn about the audience? Their opinions and levels of prior knowledge of your subject ; their likely bias, both personal and professional how do you learn it? Ask the person who has invited you to speak. Find out what the occasion is and if there is a program theme. Choosing a Speech Topic and the Speech Theme Six Criteria 1. The topic should be interesting to you. 2. It should be interesting to your audience or at least be capable of being made interesting to them. 3. It should be appropriate to the situation. 4. It should be appropriate to the time available. 5. It should be manageable. 6. It should be worthwhile. Dont waste your audiences time. Gathering and Selecting Appropriate Materials convincing materials seven major types of materials: descriptions and explanations, statistics, examples, testimony, comparison and contrast, repetition and restatement, and visuals. guidelines Outlining Your Speech guidelines:1. Write and label your specific purpose at the top of your outline.2. Indicate main ideas, points, sub-points, and supporting materials properly. 3. Use at least two subdivisions, if any, for each point. Using subdivisions helps you give attention to all the points you want to say.4. Label the introduction, main body and conclusion. II. How to Write a Great Speech Organizing the Body of the SpeechA. The IntroductionA. It should introduce the topic. providing background information, definitions explanations, etc. B. Generally it should contain the thesis statement.C. It should be interesting enough to make the listener want to continue listening. Anecdotes, shocking statistics, quotes, and rhetorical questions D. It should indicate how your topic will be developed.E. tell your listeners WHY they should listen to you; such as how they will benefit. F. include the method of organization that you will follow. This helps the listener prepare for what you are going to say and help them organize the information. An effective introduction Creates a favorable first impression with the audience Boosts a speakers self-confidenceGaining attention relate the topic to the audience State the importance of the topic Startle the audience Arouse the curiosity of the audience Question the audience Begin with quotation Tell a story Using visual aids Reveal the topic Clearly states the speech topic Establish the credibility and goodwill of the speakerPreview the body Tells audience what to listen for in the rest Provide a smooth lead-in Present special informationB. Main Bodya. Each main point discusses one aspect of the thesis. b. The main points should be linked with clear transitions so as to give the body coherence and unity. C. ConclusionA conclusion can restate the thesis. A conclusion can restate the main points. A conclusion can call for some sort of action (particularly in a persuasive piece)A conclusion can highlight areas for further research. A conclusion can suggest results or consequences. A conclusion can remind the audience of the importance of the information presented. The speaker can thank the audience for their attention. A conclusion should NEVER bring up a new topic. A speaker should NEVER apologize for their information. The last thing you want to happen is for the audience to question your credibility.2 functions of conclusion Signal the end of the speech Reinforce the audiences understanding of the speech Using Speech LanguageA. Using Language AccuratelyB. Use Language ClearlyC. Use language Vividly III. How to Deliver a Great Speech Physical Delivery1. postureA public speaker should look comfortable, confident and prepared to speak. In posture, the two extremes to avoid are rigidity and sloppiness. 2. facial expressionsYour facial expression must match what you are saying. 3. movementa. Never turn your back on the audience while you are speaking.b. If you move about on the stage, make your movements purposeful.c. Be aware of all potential obstacles on the stage. 4. gestures5. Eye contactLet your gaze move over each member of the audiencedont choose one person and look fixedly at him or her. avoid the temptation to look over the heads of your audience or to hold your notes in front of your face. 6. AppearanceThe way you dress and present yourself Dress appropriately to the audience Vocal DeliveryVocal delivery refers to the use of your voice to convey your message. 1. rateRate is the speed not too slowly