此文档是毕业设计外文翻译成品（ 含英文原文+中文翻译），无需调整复杂的格式！下载之后直接可用，方便快捷！本文价格不贵,也就几十块钱！一辈子也就一次的事！外文标题：Cruise traveler satisfaction at a port of call 外文作者：Young-Tae Chang, Shu-Min Liu, Hyosoo Park and Younghoon Roh文献出处: The flagship journal of international shipping and port research ,Volume 43, 2018 - Issue 4 (如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)英文6071单词，39856字符(字符就是印刷符)，中文9419汉字。Cruise traveler satisfaction at a port of callABSTRACT:No studies have been conducted on cruise traveler expectations for a port of call in Asia. Current literature on general tourism shows that the research to measure traveler satisfaction is divided into two dominant approaches, the disconfirmation model, based on the Expectancy Disconfirmation Paradigm, and the perceptions-only model. However, previous disconfirmation models used different sample populations to measure traveler expectations and perceptions, resulting in biased results. The main objectives of this research was two-fold: (1) to develop a measurement scale for evaluating the expectations of cruise travelers during their visit to a port of call; and, (2) to examine the satisfaction of cruise travelers using the same sample population of the pre-visit expectations and post-visit experiences. The measurement scale for cruise travelers was developed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Three factors, “Overall convenience/People,” “Culture/Exploration,” and “Commodities/Attractions,” were extracted from the analysis. Among these factors, the “Culture/Exploration” factor explained the largest part of overall satisfaction. The results also showed that the perception-only model outperformed the disconfirmation model in explaining overall satisfaction. Additionally, overall satisfaction was found to have a greater impact on the intention to recommend the visit to others than on the intention to revisit.KEYWORDS：Cruise traveler satisfaction; port of call; Incheon1.IntroductionThe cruise industry has been dominantly developed in North America and Europe, where the most popular travel routes are in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas (Wild and Dearing 2000; Soriani et al. 2009; Gui and Russo 2011; Brida et al. 2013). Accordingly, most research about cruise tourism has focused on these regions. The Asian cruise market has witnessed rapid growth in recent years. The annual number of cruise passengers in Asia increased from 0.85 million in 2005 to 1.27 million in 2010, and is expected to reach 2.02 million in 2020 with a mean growth rate of 4.8% (CLIA 2011). In contrast to the maturing cruise market in Asia, most Asian ports are functioning as ports of call rather than homeports. Therefore, the market characteristics in Asia differ from those in North America and Europe due to the different stages of market development, demographic characteristics, and travel preferences. Although the Asian cruise market is rapidly growing, no studies have been conducted for this region, particularly on the issue of cruise traveler expectations for a port of call.On the other hand, current literature on general tourism shows that research to measure the satisfaction of travelers has been divided into two dominant approaches. The disconfirmation model, based on the Expectancy Disconfirmation Paradigm (EDP), suggests that differences between traveler expectations and actual experiences can better explain the level of traveler satisfaction. The perceptions-only model suggests that only actual experiences affect the level of traveler satisfaction regardless of their expectations (Petrick 2004; Huang and Hsu 2010; Hui, Wan, and Ho 2007). As will be discussed in the following literature review, the two approaches have yielded mixed results, and which model better explains traveler satisfaction has yet to be determined. Moreover, previous disconfirmation models used different sample populations of traveler expectations and perceptions, thereby incorrectly measuring the results due to this serious bias (Hui, Wan, and Ho 2007). Numerous studies have acknowledged that future disconfirmation models should use the same sample populations (Yksel and Rimmington 1998).Thus, there are two main objectives of this research: (1) to develop a measurement scale for evaluating the expectations of cruise travelers during their visit to a port of call; and (2) to examine the satisfaction of cruise travelers using the same sample populations of travelers pre-visit expectations and post-visit experiences, and to analyze whether the disconfirmation model and or the perceptions-only model better explains the cruise industry. The terms “percep- tion” and “experience” will be used interchangeably in this paper. To the best of the authors knowledge, no tourism studies have developed the measurement scale at a port of call and used paired samples to analyze traveler expectations and satisfaction levels. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature by developing the measurement