Unit 1 Getting along with others Grammar ks5u精品课件 Unit 1 Module 5 Grammar and usage To-infinitive and Verb-ing form as a noun ks5u精品课件 Part 1 To-infinitive ks5u精品课件 1. to do as a subject The cat said, “to take roller coaster is terrible ”. The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller coaster.” ks5u精品课件 How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrible it is to take roller coaster! 不定式短语作主语时, 可以直接放在句 首, 但在很多情况下, 尤其是在疑问句和 感叹句中, 往往放在谓语之后, 而用先行 代词it作形式主语。 ks5u精品课件 It作形式主语,不定式作真主语常见句 型: Its my duty to teach you how to learn English well. It requires patience to be a good teacher. a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式 ks5u精品课件 b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式 c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式 ks5u精品课件 2. to do as a predictive Our most important task now is to make a plan. 当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的 名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做 表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。 ks5u精品课件 注: 作表语的不定式都带to, 但当主语部 分有实义动词do时, to可以省略。 Now the only thing we can do is wait. ks5u精品课件 当不定式充当表语的时候, 表示具体动 作或是将来要发生的动作。如: 1. My wish is to be a doctor. 2. What she wants to do is to tell you a secret. 3. His plan is to go abroad and continue his studies. ks5u精品课件 PS: 动名词和不定式同样都可以充当 表语,两者的区别在于不定式表达是具 体或是将来发生动作，而动名词则表 示抽象的一般行为。 1. His job is delivering the letters to their destinations. 2. My job is to look after the sister when Mom is cooking. ks5u精品课件 3. To do as an object The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!” (Tips:不定式否定为not to) a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多, 如agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish ks5u精品课件 2005年天津卷12题：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded ks5u精品课件 当不定式短语比宾补长时, 往往将 不定式放到宾补后, 而用先行代词it 作形式宾语, 常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。 The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster. ks5u精品课件 b) 只有少数介词如but, except等后面可 以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作 介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果 but或except所在句子里的谓语动词 含有do, does, did时，通常省略to。 We have no choice but to wait. Cf. We can do nothing but wait. ks5u精品课件 4. to do as an object complement You should get them to help you. (They will help you.) (常用谓语动词有: get, ask, force, order, tell, invite, allow, wish, want, like, expect, advise, beg, cause, persuade, teach, warn, hate, permit,forbid, encourage等。) ks5u精品课件 通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里: Verb +sb/sth + to do sth ks5u精品课件 The boss made her work long hours. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 She 主语 was made 谓语 to work 主补 long hours (by her boss). ks5u精品课件 2005全国卷(I)No.18 While watching television, _. A. The doorbell rang B. The doorbell rings C. We heard the doorbell ring D. We heard the doorbell rings ks5u精品课件 2005福建卷No.23 If anyone happens to drop in while Im out, _ him or her leave a message. A. have B. get C. ask D.tell ks5u精品课件 Tips:有些动词后面须接不带to 的不定式做宾语补足语, 常用的动词有: make, let, have, see; hear, watch, notice, feel; look at, listen to; help, observe 等, 但是句子变成被动语态后, 不定式 成为句子的主语补足语, 需带to。 ks5u精品课件 I would rather _ (go) swimming. You had better _ (tidy) your bedroom. Why not _ (visit) your cousin in Japan? Tips:有些句型后面须接不带to的不 定式。 go tidy visit ks5u精品课件 She told me _ (be) cheerful and _ (look) on the bright side. We had nothing _ (do) but _ (watch) TV. Tips: 当两个不定式and, or, expect, but, than或rather than连接起来时 ， 第二个不定式符号省略。 to be look to do watch ks5u精品课件 5. to do as an attributive He has not kept his promise _ (write) to his parents regularly. She made a decision _(go) abroad for a year. 不定式可以在句子充当后置定语, 修饰 名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语 : ks5u精品课件 能带不定式作宾语的动词, 其同源 名词可以带不定式作定语。常见 的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等 His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear. ks5u精品课件 常与不定式搭配的形容词, 其同源名 词一般可以用不定式作定语。 常见的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等 She was the only person to survive after the earthquake. 序数词,形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作 定语。 ks5u精品课件 Hes always the first to come and the last to leave. (=The first comes and the last leaves.)(主谓关系) I have no time to listen to your excuse. (同位关系) She has a meeting to attend. (=attend a meeting) Theres nothing to worry about. (=worry about nothing)(动宾关系) ks5u精品课件 Tips: 不定式在作定语时, 有时与被 修饰的名词有意义上的主谓 关系、同位关系、动宾关系, 如果该不定式是不及物动词, 它后面需要加上适当介词。 ks5u精品课件 6. to do as an adverbial不定式可以作状 语, 表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。 2005年辽宁卷22题：All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving ks5u精品课件 so as to (不能放句首), to, in order to作目 的状语 He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 在soas to, suchas to, only to 结构中 不定式作结果状语, 其中only to用于表 示意想不到的结果。 ks5u精品课件 The boy i