浅析中考阅读理解技巧 n 均村中学 n 张洁 If you good at reading comprehension, you are the king! 得阅读者得天下。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 If you know yourself and your enemy, you will never lose a battle. 知己知彼，方能百战不败。 n阅读理解共分篇和篇七选五题型。难 易程度也是由易到难。 nE篇七选五考察了学生对文章的整体把握，注重 逻辑推理能力。做题方法： n做题前，快速浏览文章，掌握大意，把握整体。 n做题中，联系上下文，找关键词句，作出判断。 n做题后，再快速浏览一遍，看补充后的文章是否 连贯。 nA篇通常为图表类，经常是不 同公园，博物馆或者是广告 招聘等的相关信息。这类文 章一般就是考细节，不需要 太多的逻辑思考，通常可以 直接在文中找到答案。 n例如 2011年中考题A篇阅 读。 nQ：If you work as a guide, you can get_an hour. nA $8 B.$10 C.$12 D. $ 13 SOUTHGATE NEWS PRESS Big, busy restaurant. 2 years experience, part time, $ 8 an hour. Apply in person at 6756 Main St.Southgate. JOB CLASSIFIED Office work, full time,Franciscos Shoe Shop.no experience,$ 13 an hour,speak Spanish.Fax resume(简历)to 555 -0001. Salesgirl Busy department store. No experience, $ 10 an hour, will train. Apply in person at 224 West Rose Ave.Richmond. Guide Love travel? Join us! Full time, speak English, $ 12 an hour. Email resume: lewisnclarkdot.org. nB、C、D篇阅读的话题通常包括一些正能量的人物，新的科技产品，发明，社会事件或 者某个国家，地域的文化，节日等。这几类阅读重在考察学生的理解推理能力，看学生 是否读懂文章的主旨和关键句。问题的答案往往不能直接而需要推敲得出。 n例如 2011年 B篇 nQ：How is Gina trying to encourage other children to cook? nA. By observing her father. nB. By writing a recipe(烹饪) book for kids. nC. By giving them delicious food to eat. nD. By getting first prize in the competition. nWelcome to the Amazing kids Website! Here you can read about clever children all over the world. nGina, who is thirteen years old, got first prize in the “Young Look of the Year” competition and is now writing her own recipe (烹饪) book for kids. I want it to be fun to read and easy enough for children to use, she says. Gina learned by observing （观察） her father, whos also good at cooking, in the kitchen. She wants to encourage other children to cook because everyone needs to eat, so its a skill that will always be useful! 主旨大意型 事实细节型 词 义 猜 测 型 命 题 类 阅读理解题目主要有以下几种: 推 理 判 断 型 阅读理解基础训练 Basic Training -事实细节型 n2015 年 A篇阅读 nQ：Which is the proper time to go to the pub at Coxs Hotel? nA. 9:00-18:00 on Friday. B. 10:30-17:30 onTuesday. nC. 12:00-1:30 onSaturday. nD. 10:00-16:30onMonday. Coxs Hotel Tel: 01789 404600 Email:infocoxshotel.co.uk Website: www.coxshotel.co.uk Opening times Coffee shop: 9:00am- 6:00pm Tea room: 10:30am-5:30pm Pub (酒吧): 12:00- midnight (1:30am on Friday/Saturday) 提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。 事实细 节型 解题原则：尊重作者的观点，在 文中找到相关词句，通常直接可以找到 答案。 1）Which of the following statement is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 3）The author ( or the passage) states that_. 4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有 以下几种命题方式： 阅读理解基础训练 Basic Training -词义猜测型 Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” Passage: Most women in Ghana (加纳) the educated and illiterate, the urban（城市的） and rural（乡下的）, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to（除了） maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的). 解 释 第四节 B poorA beautifulD sick C uneducated 同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or， 它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由 此可以推测。 反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive,加否定 词缀un,dis等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。 释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语 甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说 明。 词义 猜测 型 情景推断法、代词替代法等 阅读理解基础训练 Basic Training -主旨大意题 年 篇 Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威胁）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally. 练习题细节题 解释 What is the main idea of Paragraph 4 ？ A. Fires are serious threats to human beings B. Australian firefighters dont put out fires. C. Fires can play an important role in forests. D. Its difficult for firefighters to control the fires. 文章 解释 【解析】答案为C。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的 关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾 句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一 般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。 文章 1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar- ize the main idea of this text? 3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)Whats the best title for this passage? 主旨大意题的常见的提问形式: 阅读理解基础训练 Basic Training -推理判断型 篇 Have you ever wanted to stop eating something sweet but you just couldnt ? Is the first thing you do when you get home from school to look in the biscuit tin ? Can you eat a huge bar of chocolate all by yourself ? Can you