-1- Section Learning about Language -2- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 一二三 一、按要求写出下列单词的相应形式 1.careful(反义词) 2.happy(名词) 3.angry(副词) 4.friend(形容词) 5.teach(名词) 6.dislike(反义词) 7.possible(副词) 8.kind(名词) 9.sleep(形容词) 10.sing(名词) careless happiness angrily friendly teaching/teacher like possibly kindness asleep/sleepy singing/singer -3- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 一二三 二、请将A组和B组中的单词连线,组成一个新的单词 A B 1.child a.roads 2.crossb.while 3.whichc.hood 4.worthd.ever 5.everye.mate 6.classf.one 7.newsg.be 8.overh.back e 10.mayj.paper 答案:1.c 2.a 3.d 4.b 5.f 6.e 7.j 8.i 9.h 10.g -4- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 一二三 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The coastal areas have mild winters,but by contrast(相比较) the (centre) plains become extremely cold. 2.Although our looks are different,we are both (attract). 3.Cambridge is always full of (tourism)in summer. 4.In front of the village runs a river 300 miles in (long). 5.To his (satisfy),he finished the work on time. central attractive tourists length satisfaction -5- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 Grammar:构词法 本单元的语法项目是构词法。构词法是按照一定的语言规律创造 新词的方法。英语构词法主要有合成法、转化法、派生法、截短 法、混合法和首字母缩略法六种,其中前三种最为重要。 -6- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 考点一 合成法:即两个单词连在一起合成一个新词,前一个词修饰 或限定后一个词。 1)合成名词 -7- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 -8- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 2)合成形容词 -9- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 -10- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 3)合成动词 4)合成副词 -11- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 5)合成代词 6)合成介词 -12- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 考点二 转化法:英语中,有的名词可做动词,有的形容词可做副词或 动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化 法。 1)动词转化为名词 很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数意思没有多大的变化(如下);有 时意思有一定变化(如下);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语, 表示一个动作(如下)。如: Lets go out for a walk. 我们到外面去散散步吧。 He is a man of strong build. 他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 Lets have a swim.咱们游泳吧。 -13- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 2)名词转化为动词 很多表示物件(如下)、身体部位(如下)、某类人(如下)的名 词可以用作动词来表示动作,某些抽象名词(如下)也可做动词。 如: Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗? Please hand me the book. 请把那本书递给我。 She nursed her husband back to health. 她看护她丈夫,使他恢复了健康。 We lunched together. 我们在一起吃了午餐。 -14- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如: We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。如: Murder will out.恶事终将败露。(谚语) -15- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 5)形容词转化为名词 表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下);某些形容词如 old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用,表示一类人,做主 语时,谓语用复数(如下)。如: You should be dressed in black at the funeral. 在葬礼中应该穿黑色衣服。 The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 -16- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 考点三 派生法:在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个 与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 1)前缀 -17- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 -18- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 -19- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 2)名词后缀 -20- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 注意:-ese,-ian,-ist 既可以构成名词,又可以构成形容词。 -er 构成的名词,既有表示人的,又有表示物的。 -21- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 3)形容词后缀 -22- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 -23- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 4)动词后缀 5)副词后缀 -24- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 6)数词后缀 -25- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 考点四 截短法即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、 去尾、截头去尾等形式。 1)截头 telephonephoneaeroplaneplane omnibusbus 2)去尾 examinationexamkilogramkilo laboratorylab taxicabtaxi 3)截头去尾 influenzaflu refrigeratorfridge -26- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 考点五 混合法即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。 后半部分表示主体,前半部分表示属性。 news broadcastnewscast新闻广播 television broadcasttelecast电视播送 smoke and fogsmog烟雾 helicopter airportheliport直升机场 考点六 首字母缩略法即用几个单词的首字母组成一个新词。读音 主要有两种形式:各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。 Very Important PersonVIP(读字母音)贵宾 Test of English as a Foreign LanguageTOEFL 托福考试 -27- Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN 预习导引 H EXIN GUINA 核心归纳 根据句意及所给汉语注释,写出下列单词的正确形式 1)Jack took a deep (呼吸)and then dived into the water. 2)What you have said is beyond my (想象). 3)The boss has hired many (雇员)who have received advanced education. 4)You should