Text A: Big Data, Microseismic Imaging and the Smart Drilling Oil and Gas Revolution Text B: Oil: The Next Revolution Text C: Energiewende vs. USA Shale Gas: Can German Industry Compete? Unit 5 Unit 5 Petroleum Science and TechnologyPetroleum Science and Technology SECTION 2 TEXT LEARNING (A) Text Organization Part 1 (Para.1-3) Changes that technological innovation brings to oil industry Part 2 (Para.4-5) Big data and its application Part 3 (Para.6-12) Microseismic imaging and smart drilling Part 4 (Para.13-15) Significance of the application of big data and microseismic imaging in oil industry SECTION 2 TEXT LEARNING (A)Information Analysis Part 1 (Para.1-3) Changes that technological innovation brings to oil industry -American technological innovation has improved the productivity of the typical oil or gas rig on Americans shale fields. -The average cost to find and yield a new barrel of oil had been greatly lowered. The answer is definitely yes, because of innovation of more technology, especially information technology. 1. What changes has American technological innovation brought to its oil industry? （Para. 1-2 ） 2. Will the productivity boom continue? Why? (Para. 3) SECTION 2 TEXT LEARNING (A) Information Analysis Part 2 (Para.4-5) Big data and its application It is applied in the new and emerging digital oil field, and collected by optical fiber at the oil and gas wells in the deep hot subsurface. According to IDC, its application will be expanded by the exploitation of unconventional resources. 3. Where is big data applied? And how is it collected? (Para. 4) 4. What does the sentence “This imaging technology does for seismic the equivalent of going from 20th century x-rays to 21st century MRI” in Para. 2 mean? 5. What is the future of big data? (Para. 5) It means big data makes a great progress in oil industry. SECTION 2 TEXT LEARNING (A) Information Analysis Part 3 (Para.6-12) Microseismic imaging and smart drilling 6. What is at the core of smart drilling? Para. 7 -seismic 3D maps, which tells you where to drill; -down-hole sensors, which tells you where to steer the drill underground; -microseismic imaging, which brings radically navigation, like GPS in private cars, and critically, the opportunity for a new era of dynamically controlled subsurface operations. SECTION 2 TEXT LEARNING (A) Information Analysis Seismic technology uses acoustic vibrations that propagate and reflect back to the surface, since the earth is opaque to everything in the optical spectrum and essentially all radio waves, but vibration, propagates through rock. 7. Whats the principle of seismic imaging? (Para. 8) 8. Seismic technology undergoes a development from 2D to 3D. In what way is 3D superior to 2D? (Para. 8, 9, 11) -Seismic 3D technology improves not only subsurface resolution from mile-level spacing to 100-foot spacing (Para.8), -but also U.S. drilling success rate (Para. 9). -3D expanded and illuminated the errors in 2D (Para. 11) SECTION 2 TEXT LEARNING (A) Information Analysis The former reveals holes and even errors in the latter. 11. What is the ideal world of microseismic imaging? (Para. 12) It becomes the standard operating procedure, and conducts continuous real-time monitoring, using remarkably robust and temperature tolerant optical fiber. Far more precision and far higher resolution of the underground smart drilling operations. 10. In what way is microseismic imaging superior to seismic 3D technology? (Para. 11) 9. What calls for the advent of microseimic imaging? （Para. 10） SECTION 2 TEXT LEARNING (A) Information Analysis The application of big data and microseismic imaging will continue to expand smart drilling oil and gas revolution sustain the current hydrocarbon revolution and unleashing another round of productivity growth. Big data will wring more efficiencies using all existing data (Para. 14) put an end to peak oil theory (Para. 15) 12. What is the significance of the application of big data and microseismic imaging in oil industry? Part 4 (Para.13-15) Significance of the application of big data and microseismic imaging in oil industry SECTION 1 STARTING-OUT SummarySummary American technological innovation has brought stunning changes to its oil industry. On the one hand, productivity in oil and gas field has been greatly improved; on the other hand, the average cost to find and yield a new barrel of oil has been greatly lowered. More technology, especially information technology will sustain the recent American oil and gas productivity boom, which emerges from smart drilling, at the core of which are 3D seismic maps, down-hole sensors and microseismic imaging, the equivalent of GPS in private cars. Microseismic imaging evolves from seismic imaging, which uses acoustic vibrations that propagate and reflect back to the surface and undergoes a development from 2D to 3D. The trajectory of American sm