三年（2017-2019）新课标卷高考英语试题研究专题05 短文改错高考短文改错题是在给出一篇约100词的短文，文中有10处错误，要求考生对每个句子进行判断，如有错误将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面的错误。每句中最多有两处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。高考短文改错着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。此题型不仅要求考生牢固的掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求考生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。它针对考生平时学习英语过程中，尤其是在写作中常犯的错误而设计的，考生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。2016-2019年新课标卷高考英语短文改错试题分析：年份试卷类型体裁词数考点分布2019年新课标卷I记叙文95形容词；定语从句；冠词；连词；副词； 固定搭配；名词的数；现在分词； 固定搭配； 固定搭配新课标卷II记叙文105名词的数；形容词的用法；序数词；副词；介词；连词；there be句型形容词；形容词比较级；一般过去时新课标卷III说明文108不定式；动词的时态；形容词 固定搭配；介词；代词；定语从句 动词的固定搭配；名词的数；冠词 2018年新课标卷I记叙文113冠词；动词时态；不定代词；副词；名词复数定语从句；非谓语动词；形容词；介词；连词新课标卷II记叙文108名词；名词单复数；冠词；非谓语动词情态动词；代词；固定搭配；介词；时态宾语从句的连接词新课标卷III记叙文102时态；非谓语动词；连词；固定搭配；代词；固定结构；比较级；主谓一致；副词2017年新课标卷I记叙文114数词；冠词；连词；时态；单复数；非谓语动词；固定句型；副词；形容词；介词新课标卷II记叙文92不定代词；冠词；形容词；定语从句；副词；动词搭配；连接词；名词；时态；非谓语动词新课标卷III记叙文110介词；动词时态；连词；非谓语动词；动词时态；限定词；定语从句；形容词；形容词最高级；代词2016年新课标卷I记叙文93定语从句；连词；时态；词性；连词；非谓语动词；介词；冠词；代词；副词 新课标卷II记叙文106特殊结构；情态动词；并列结构；连词；冠词；代词；名词单复数；虚拟语气；时态；代词。新课标卷III说明文108名词复数；形容词最高级；冠词；反身代词；so/such的用法；时态；形容词；非谓语动词；介词；状语从句一般来说，短文改错的语言材料通常来自考生习作或类似于考生习作的文章。所选材料篇幅较短，约100词左右，1012个句子；难度不大，基本上无生僻的词汇和语法结构。短文改错的话题较常见，通常是叙述一个事情或说明一个事物。从体裁上看，历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文为主，兼顾说明文和议论文。通常从词法，句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，错误类型有多词，缺词，和错词三种，比例一般为错词：多词：缺词=8：1：1典例一 (2019新课标全国卷I)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.【答案】I became in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it back to the playground. To everyones , the ball went into the net. All the football on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. From on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了由于一次偶然的经历，自己喜欢上了踢足球。从此成了一名优秀球员。第一处：【解析】考查形容词用法。“interest（使感兴趣；使关注）”的形容词有interesting（使人感兴趣的）常修饰物；与interested（表现出兴趣的）常修饰人。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。第二处：【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。第三处：【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a。第四处：【解析】考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。第五处：【解析】考查副词。“hard（努力地；费力地）”与“hardly（几乎不；几乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同。本句意思为：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。第六处：【解析】考查固定搭配。“to ones + 名词”在句中表示结果，“to ones surprise”意思为“使某人惊讶的是”。故将surprising改为surprise。第七处：【解析】考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。第八处：【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。第九处：【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：从那时开始，我放学后跟同学一起踢足球。且“from now on（从现在开始）”后边句子应该表示从现在开始所发生动作或存在的情况，不能用一般过去时。此处后面是一般过去时，表示“从那时起”是from then on，故将now改为then。第十处：【解析】考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”，中间不能加冠词或者代词。故将my去掉。典例二 (2018新课标全国卷I)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.【答案】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, he agreed.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去年寒假期间和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷