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短文改错4步曲后思时态技法一 看动词时态和时间状语是否一致,主从句时态是否合乎语法1.(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. 解析:findfound根据前一句中的时间状语“During my last winter holiday”可知,本句讲述的是去年寒假的事情,所以此处应用一般过去时,故把find改为found。2(2018全国卷)I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. 解析:arewere根据主句的谓语“didnt realize”和until引导的时间状语从句的谓语“entered”可知此处说的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。3(2018全国卷)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. 解析:beginbegun根据语境可知,此处是过去完成时,故begin应用过去分词形式。4(2017全国卷)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! 解析:camecomes主句为一般将来时,when引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来;summer为可数名词单数,故用comes。5(2017全国卷)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. 解析:hadhave由时间状语in the past few years可知,此处应用现在完成时。6This summer, I attended a journalism-themed summer camp, where I learn a lot. 解析:learnlearned/learnt根据“This summer”和“attended”可知,learn所表示的动作发生在过去,故把learn改为learned或learnt。7When I was in high school, I wanted to get a scholarship to a university.I liked singing, so I try out for a scholarship for music. 解析:trytried根据“was” “wanted” “liked”可知,这里讲述的是当“我”在中学的时候发生的事情,应该用一般过去时。8(2018郑州第一次质量预测)Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada. 解析:comecame根据“left”可知此处叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故将come改为came。9(2018山西八校第一次联考)The Spring Festival is approaching and many students want to go travelling.But I had made up my mind not to go anywhere.The reasons are as follows. 解析:hadhave根据前一句中的“want to”可知,此处应用现在完成时。故把had改为have。10They laughed out happily when they read the short story I write about robots. 解析:writewrote此处讲述的是过去的事情,且根据“laughed out”为一般过去时可知,此处也应用一般过去时。技法二 看并列动词形式是否一致1.(2017全国卷)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 解析:becomebecame根据时间状语“About one month after this photo was taken”可知,此句应使用一般过去时,且句中and连接两个并列的成分,前后时态应保持一致,由entered可知应把become改为became。2(2015全国卷)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 解析:tellingtold“telling”和“saw”是并列关系,故时态需要和saw保持一致。3Finally, I work harder than ever and made great progress in my math. 解析:workworked由后面的“made”可知,此处讲述的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。4(2018河南天一大联考)Seeing this, I was touched and appreciate the kindness he brought to the world. 解析:appreciateappreciated句意:看到这个,我很受感动,对他给世界带来的善良表示感谢。根据“was touched”和and可知需要用appreciated。5I step to the front quickly and began to repeat the story with confidence. 解析:stepstepped根据began可知,此处讲述的是过去的事,故此处应用一般过去时。step的过去式是双写词尾的p,然后再加-ed。6(2018惠州第二次调研)In the reply, the school promises to satisfy all his requirements and encouraged him to have a strong belief in life. 解析:promisespromised叙述的是过去的事情,且and 后encourage使用的是一般过去时,故此处用promised。技法三 主谓、动宾要分明,时态、语态勿混用1.(2016全国卷)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 解析:usingused分析句子结构可知, oil 和use 之间是被动关系, 故应该用被动语态。2(2015全国卷)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. 解析:去掉beenstudies与show之间为主动关系,不需要用被动语态。3(2018广州调研)By June the students usually have been found their jobs and then they begin preparing to enter the world of work. 解析:去掉been此处表示:到了六月,学生们通常已经找到了工作。该句主语the students和动词find之间为主动关系,故用主动语态。4(2018昆明检测)I would thank those who encouraged me to experience this kind act.All the cards, candies and clothes donated by them. 解析:donated前加weredonate sth.意为“捐献某物”,分析句子结构可知,该句应用被动语态;讲述发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时,所以在donated前加were。5I finally realized that something necessary had to done.It was time for a change. 解析:to后加be此处表示:我意识到,必须要做一些必要的事情。不定代词“something”和动词“do”之间为被动关系,表示“被做”,故用被动语态。6(2018广西桂林百色模拟)This will give me a head start on the day.I have also been decided to keep a record of what I do and when I do it. 解析:去掉been此处表示:我还决定记录我做了什么和何时做的。主语“I”和动词“decide”之间为主动关系,故用主动语态。技法四 铭记描述客观事实、客观真理用一般现在时1.(2018太原阶段测评)There are many different types of Chinese.For example, one type known as Mandarin had almost a billion speakers. 解析:hadhas根据语境可知, 此处描述客观情况,故用一般现在时。2(2018安徽名校联考)Last month, our class climbed Mount Tai, which was more than 1,500 meters above sea level. 解析:wasis此处表示“泰山海拔超过1 500米”,这里陈述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时。牢记动词的时态和语态常考点1.掌握五种基本时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时。2.写准动词三种形式:要写准动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式,重点记牢不规则动词的变化形式。3.动词时态的分析主要从两个角度入手:动作与时间。在解题过程中,要着重分析动作是“正在进行、完成或经常性”,时间是“现在、过去或将来”,由此确定时态。短文改错的首句或相关句也往往起提示作用,应特别注意一些动词的过去式形式:burn (burnt),
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