.word可编辑.2002年 语言学与应用语言学 （100 points）All the questions are to be answered in English on the answer sheets provided.1. Displacement,arbitrariness,productivity,cultural transmission,discreteness and duality are sometimes listed as the 6 core features of human language.Choose 3 out of the 6 and explain with examples what they mean. (12 points)2. Briefly explain what phonetics and phonology are concerned with and what kind of relationsips hold between the two.(10 points)3.In deriving new words via a prefix such as mis-, there seems to be some constraint on what is permitted. The words in the first colum below are acceptable formations,but in the other columns are not.Work out what the rule(s) might be for making new adjectives with the prefix mis-. (18 points)Column I : misadventure misjudgement misplaced mistrustfulColumn II: *mishappy *mismeal *misglad *misroleColumn III: *mismilk *missad *misword *miscrazy4. Using what you know about Grices cooperative principle and its four maxims,analyze the following short exchange.(20 points)同事甲：小张昨晚去哪儿了？同事乙：今天在早上我看见一辆白色富康停在小林家门口。5. In each of the following sentences,the second part cancels some information given by the first part. However,this seems to result in quite acceptable utterances in group (1) and in very awkward utterances in guoup (2). Explain why. (20 points)Group (1)a.老张有三个孩子，其实还不止三个。b.我只喜欢黄色和蓝色，不过试试红色也未尝不可。c.约翰的普通话说得还可以，确切地说是非常棒。Group (2)*d.我特后悔选修了这门课，其实我没有选修这门课。*e.她这次考试又不及格，不过她上次及格了。*f.我在乡下日子过得很苦，说真的我没在向下呆过。6. Put yourself into the position of an English teacher in China. What are your goals and the goals of the students and the educational sysem in the teaching and learning of English? When the goeals do not converge,how can you reconcile the differences between them?(20 points)2003 年 语言学与应用语言学All the questions are to be answered in English on the answer sheets provided.1.Words in our mental lexicon are known to be related to one another. Discuss the relationships between words,using examples from the English language.(15 points)2.Some grammar books say there are three basic tenses in English-the present,the past and the future; others say there are only two basic tenses,-the present and the past. Explain what tense is and whether it is justifiable to say there is a future tense in English.(35 points)3.(1) Give an account of what you know about the English subjuntive mood.(20 points) (2) If you are to teach a group of senior middle school students the subjunctive mood in 45 minutes,how are you going to plain your class?(20 points)4. It has been observed that women tend to approximate more closely to the standard language than men do.Why do you think is this so?(30 points)5.What do you think are teh similarities and dissimilarities between learning a first and a second language?(30 points)2004年 语言学与应用语言学IMPORTANT!All the questions are to be answered in English on the answer sheets provided.1. Shakespeare has Juliet say: What is in a name?That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. What do you think the above lines say to you about the relationship between the form (sounds) and meaning (concept) of a word in spoken language?Explain with positive evidence as well as exceptions from the English language. (15 points)2.How much does our language influence the way we think? How deeply do language and culture interpenetrate and influence one another?These questions about language have fascinated thinkers throughout the ages.For example,Johann Gottfried Herder and Wilhelm von Humboldt in the German Romantic tradition regarded language as a prisma or grid spread over things in the world so that each language reflects a different worldview. Write a short essay to explain your position on this view. (35 points)3.Is English a language that uses a phonetic alphabet system? Explain briefly why or why not with examples. (15 points)4.Suppose you were given four cards,each of which had a different phoneme of English printed on it: /k/, /b/, /l/, /i/Now arrange these cards to form all possible words that these four phonemes could form. Discuss what rules you have followed to come up with these words. (20 points)5.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show that you understand the ambiguity involved: (10 points)a. Dick finally decided on the boat.b. The professors appointment was shocking.c. The governor is a dirty street fighter.d. Terry loves his wife and so do I.e. No smoking section available.6.It is argued that grammatically judgments do not depend on whether the sentence is meaningful or not,as shown by the sentence Colorless green ideas sleep furiously,which doesnt make much sense but is synt