一、阅读理解。A（2019中考选练）How much sleep is enough?To stay in good health, some experts in the US say, adults should get seven to eight hours of sleep. Teenagers need nine to ten hours. And pre-school children need more than 10 hours of sleep a night. Experts say the quality（质量） of our sleep becomes poor as we grow older. This happens because the brain unit that controls sleep begins to weaken slowly as we age.Experts say the change starts in our 30s. By the time we reach our 50s, a person may have lost 50 percent of his or her ability to have a restful sleep. These people have trouble falling and staying asleep through the night. From middle age on, these problems only get worse, and they can have a bad effect on their health.Signs that show you may not be getting enough sleep:Youre always hungry or youve got unwanted weight. If you are in short of sleep, certain chemicals（化学物质） in your body will not work well and tell your brain in time that you have eaten enough.You have trouble making decisions. Not having enough sleep may make your brain work slower in problem solving.You have trouble remembering things. Sleep helps prepare the brain for new memories. Your feeling changes unreasonably. People who dont sleep well may feel unable to control their feeling. You are having trouble seeing. If there is a shortage of sleep, you may not be able to see things as clearly as usual. How to improve your sleep? Here are a few things people can do to get better sleep. Health experts say that exercise and avoiding work on computers make people go to sleep more easily. A cool room is also a good choice for sleeping well. 1.What can we learn from the passage?A.With the help of medicine, we can sleep better.B.People begin to have sleep problems in their 40s.C.Teenagers usually need more sleep than adults.D.Few people have sleep problems in their late years.2.The underlined word “effect” in the passage is close in meaning to .A.knowledgeB.influenceC.excuseD.activity3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a sign that shows you are not sleeping well?A.You often get hungry.B.Your eyesight is failing.C.You have poorer memory.D.You always feel tired.4.It is possible that the article is taken from .A.a middle school textbookB.a travel guideC.a magazine on healthD.an ad in the newspaper主旨大意 本文是一篇说明文,阐述了不同年龄段的人每晚需要多长时间的睡眠以及睡眠不足有哪些表现。文章最后提出要想睡眠好,多锻炼,少玩电脑。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“adults should get seven to eight hours of sleep. Teenagers need nine to ten hours.”可知,青少年需要的睡眠时间要比成人多些,故选C。2.B词义猜测题。根据上文“These people have trouble falling and staying asleep through the night. From middle age on, these problems only get worse”可知,这部分人整夜睡眠有问题,从中年开始,这个问题愈加严重;又根据bad和health可推测对健康有影响,故effect意为“影响”,与influence同义。3.D细节理解题。根据文章内容可知睡眠不好会导致记忆力差、经常有饥饿感、视力下降,没有提到感觉疲劳,故选D。4.CB入乡随俗When you hear Westerners(西方人)say “Drop in anytime”(随时来玩) or “Come and see me soon”， you should realize that it doesnt mean you are welcome to come over to their houses anytime. Its wise to telephone before visiting someone. Never accept an invitation unless you really plan to go. You may refuse by saying, “Thank you for inviting me, but I may not be able to come.” If you are unable to come after accepting the invitation, be sure to tell those who invite you in advance(提前) that you will not be there. When you have accepted the invitation to a party or a dinner, it is polite to bring small gifts with you, such as bottles of drinks, flowers, and some others. Sometimes Westerners may take you out to dinner in a restaurant and it does not necessarily mean that he is going to pay the bill at the end of the meal. He might want you to “go_Dutch”， which means each person pays his own bill. 1. When Westerners say “Drop in anytime” or “Come and see me soon”， it means_. A. you are welcome to visit them anytime B. you are welcome to visit them, but you still need to call them before going to their housesC. they dont want you to visit themD. they will hold a party for you 2. If a Westerner invites you to go to his house, _. A. you may refuse if you dont plan to goB. you have to accept the invitation even though you dont want to goC. you cant accept the invitationD. and if you accept the invitation, you must go 3. If you have accepted the invitation to a party or a dinner, what kind of gifts will you bring?A. Money. B. Televisions. C. Computers. D. Books. 4. The underlined part “go Dutch” means “_” in Chinese. A. 去荷兰 B. 去Dutch 这家餐厅 C. 实行AA制 D. 请客5. The best title of this passage is _. A. Drop in anytime B. Come and see me soonC. Invitation in Western countries D. Westerners【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了西方国家的邀请礼仪。即使西方人说“随时来玩”或“不久后来看我”，在你去以前也要打电话。如果你没计划去别人家，他邀请时你可以拒绝，如果你接受了邀请，在你去别人家时，最好带一些小礼物。1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当西方人说“随时来玩”或“不久后来看我”，它意味着_。A项：在任何时间拜访他们，你都是受欢迎的；B项：拜访他们你是受欢迎的，但你仍要在去他们家