. . . . .一、时态和语态 1. 如何解答时态问题 例1Youve already missed too many classes this term. You _ just last week. A. missed B. would miss C. had missed D. have missed 例2Anne asked Tom _ the key. A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did he left 考试重点 2. 与完成时有关的时态 现在完成时 (have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to now 例1Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A B C D 例2English _ in a new way at my college in the past few years. A. has been taught B. was being taught C. has been taught D. had been taught. 过去完成时 (had done) 例3Anne asked Tom _ the key. A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did he left 例4The chemistry class_ for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been on B. had begun C. has been on D. would began 将来完成时 (will have done) by 例5Were late I expect the film_ by the time we get to the cinema. A. had already started B. have already C. will already have started D. have already been started. 现在完成进行时 (have been doing) 例6It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking 过去完成进行时 (had been doing) 将来完成进行时(will have been doing ) 例7By the time you arrive this evening, _for two hours. A. I will study B. I will have been studied C. I had studied D. I will have been studying. 3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态 用一般现在时代替一般将来时 例1When the mixture_, it will give off a powerful force. A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated 例2please be sure to telephone me the next time you _. A. will come B. would come C. shall come D. come 用现在完成时代替将来完成时 例3Smith is to study medicine as soon as he_ military service. A. will finish B. has finished C. finish D. would finish 注意 例4No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she_ them. A. tries B. will try C. are trying D. have tried 4. 考试小窍门 考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项要重点加以研读一般说来是正确答案。 二、情态动词 1. 几个情态动词的否定式的含义 cant may not mustnt needt 2. 表示推测的几个情态动词用法 must表示肯定的推测意思是“一定” +do 对现在情况的推测 must +have done 对过去情况的推测 例1I _ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the nightA. might fall B. must fall C. must have fallen D. can have fallen cant/couldt表示否定的推测意思是“不可能” +do 对现在情况的推测 cant/couldnt +have done 对过去情况的推测 may/might not表示可能性很小的推测意思是“也许” +do 对现在情况的推测 may/might +have done 对过去情况的推测 3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法 neednt have done should have done should not have done ought to have done could have done 4. 考试小窍门 在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下一般说来情态动词加完成时是正确答案。 Must do Must have done 三、虚拟语气 考试重点 1. 条件句中的虚拟语气 例I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him. A. had known B. have known C. knew D. would know 例If a better material _, the strength of the part would have been increased. A. had been used B. had been using C. being used D. using 条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点 ? 如果条件句中有were, had, should时可以把if省略然后把这三个单词提前形成倒装。 例3_ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. A. If he took B. if he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken ? 含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用 三级考试中经常出现的三个句型 But for/without , otherwise/or , but/though. 例But for your help, I _ the work in time. A. did not finish B. could not finish A. will not finish D. would not have finished 例Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 例He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he_ to the meeting. A. would have come B. would come C. could come D. had come 例We would have made a lot of money, but we halfway A. gave up B. had given up C.would give up D. were to give up ? 错综时间条件句 例If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. 2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用 (1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如: 例I suggested that we should go there on foot. 注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如: 例The man insisted that he had never stolen the money ( 2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中 例It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight ( 3)