第2讲 Unit 1 Breaking records语法篇_1. 掌握主语定义及常用词；2. 掌握主语从句的运用；3. 利用所学语法知识书面表达；一. 主语定义及构成主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，词组或句子等充当。二. 分类讲解1. 名词做主语1）The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. 2）China does not want to copy the USAs example. 3）A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.4）The first truck is carrying a few baskets.5）The temperature will stay above zero.2. 代词作主语1）He is a teacher.2）I dont know if it will grow.3）Thats a bit expensive.4）Youd better buy a new pair. 5）Im afraid we havent got any black shoes.6) it作主语:往往指代时间, 天气, 日期, 度量衡等; 或指代前面所提到的事物; 或未知的人等。例如：a. Look at the house, its new.b. Its my fault.c. Its five oclock.d. It is raining heavily outside.3.数词做主语1) One and two is three. 2) One is not enough for me. I want one more. 3) One of them is English. 4) Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. 5) Two will be enough.4.不定式作主语:动词不定式表示比较具体的意义,经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来,经常带时间或地点状语,有时表示将要发生的动作。1) To master a foreign language is noeasy job.2) To do it well is my earnest desire.3) To see this film is to waste time.4) To solve this problem is out of thequestion.*动词不定式作主语时,常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语,而将动词不定式移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词,动词和名词。如：1)形容词作表语(常见的形容词有：important, difficult, easy等) It is foolish to act in this way.2)动词作谓语(常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse等)It didnt occur to me to ask him to help me.3) 名词作表语:It is a good idea to think this way.5.动名词作主语1) Being happy is better than being king.2) Worrying never does anyone good.3) Yaomings rejoining in the team makes the teammate excited. (动名词作主语, 前面可加代词或名词的所有格做其逻辑主语。)4) Collecting stamps is a good hobby.5) Swimming is a best sport in summer. （动名词表示比较抽象(一般)和经常性的意义,有时可同不定式互换。）6）There is no telling what will happen.7) There is no denying the fact.8) There is no need informing him of it.9) 形容词作表语 (常见的形容词有：enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile)It is nice talking to you.10) 名词作表语Its a waste of time doing this. （在句首用先行代词it作形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。）*主语为动词不定式和动名词时, 其谓语常用单数形式。如：To give is better than to receive. It was difficult to see.Its best to wear cool clothes. Playing is much better than having classes.6.词组作主语1） Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.2） The rich should contribute more to the world welfare.3） From 1990 till to 2003 is a long period of time.4） From Beijing to Guangzhou is a long distance .7. 从句作主语1） That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.2） Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.*It作形式主语a. It is no good/ no use/ useless doing sth.例如：It is no use crying while the milk is split out.b. It is +adj.+of /for sb. to do例如：It is wise of him to carry out the plan of recycling the waste.It is difficult for me to run 800 meters in 3minutes.c. It is reported/known to all/ announced/ said.that从句 例如：It is reported that Liuxiang quited the competition because he got injured in the leg.1. It worried her a bit_ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for解析：分析题干，it是形式主语，从句句意完整只用that起引导作用是真正的主语。答案：B。2. _ breaks the law will be punished.A. Who B. WhoeverC. No matter whoD. Anyone解析：分析题干及选项，句子主语为“_ breaks the law”，从而判断C、D不对；who指固定“谁（人）”，因此选B。答案：B。3. Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthathemustntsmoke, but_didnthelp.A. he B. which C. it D. they解析：分析题干，含有but的并列句缺少主语，而且可以代替前面整句话内容，用it。答案：C。4. _youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness. A. What B. If C. That D. Whether解析：分析题干，主语为“_youdontlikehim”，从句句意完整，排除A；根据句意选C。答案：C。5. Theyliveonabusymainroad._mustbeverynoisy. A. There B. It C. That D. They解析：根据句意，it代替上句中main road作主语。答案：B。6. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever解析：分析题干及选项，句子主语为“_ has helped to save the drowning girl”，从而判断B、C不对；who指固定“谁（人）”，因此选D。答案：D。基础演练A指出下列句中主语或主语中心词1. The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.2. There is an old man coming here.3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.4. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.5. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 6. We often speak English in class. 7. One-third of the students in this class are girls.8. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.9. Smoking does harm to the health. 10. The rich should help the poor. 11. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 12. It is necessary to master a foreign language.Keys：1. teacher 2. man 3. dictionary 4. To do 5. music 6. We 7. One-third of the s