.word可编辑.杭 州 师 范 大 学 2012 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题 考试科目代码： 815 考试科目名称： 英语语言文学基础 说明：1、命题时请按有关说明填写清楚、完整； 2、命题时试题不得超过周围边框； 3、考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负；4、考生务必在以下两种试题中（语言学和文学）选择一个方向做题，交叉做题不给分，外国语言学及应用语言学专业考生选做语言学方向试题，英语语言文学专业考生选做文学方向试题。语言学方向试题（外国语言学及应用语言学专业考生选做）Part One. Define the following terms. (每小题5分，共15分)1. semantic components2. reference3. categorization . True/ False decision. Write T for true and F for false. (每小题1分，共15分)1) All languages have three major components: a sound system, a system of lexicogrammar and a system of semantics. ( )2) Phonetics means that the study of how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. It can be divided into three main fields of study-articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and perceptual/ auditory phonetics. ( )3) A linguist needs to be able to know all languages if he wants to study linguistics. （ ）4) Creativity refers to the fact that in all languages so far investigated one finds two levels of structure or patterning. （ ）5) Morpheme is both a grammatical concept and a semantic one. ( )6) Loanblend is a process in which part of the form is native and the rest has been borrowed, but the meaning is fully borrowed. ( )7) Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of a particular language. ( )8) In the classic semantic triangle, the symbol is directly to the referent. ( )9) Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the relationships between elements in sentence structures. ( )10) In 1950s, Chomskys publication of Syntactic Structures (1957) helped to ignite the cognitive revolution. ( )11) Pragmatics is the study of meaning. ( )12)It is generally believed that modern linguistics is mostly descriptive, diachronic, and emphatic on writing. ( )13)There exist three approaches to the study of language and cognition. The conceptual approach is concerned with the patterns in which and the processes by which conceptual content is organized in language. ( )14) Metaphor involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is construed in terms of the other. ( )15) Our language can not be used to talk itself. ( ). Answer the questions. (每小题10分，共20分)1.Does the traffic light system have duality? 2.What is sense? . Discuss . (每小题15分，共30分)1.Conceptual meaning 2.Sense relations Part Two. 1. Fill in the blank in each of the statements with one word from the box: （20 points）raising view making external course think outputprocess gaps learners referred internal feature mental theory proceeds factors attitudes do self-correct1. The goals of SLA, then, are to describe how L2 acquisition _1_ and to explain this process and why some _2_ seem to be better at it than others. 2. The goal of explanation is to identify the _3_ and _4_ factors that account for acquiring an L2.3. The Description of L2 acquisition tries to find out what learners really_5_, as opposed to what they _6_ they do, when they try to learn an L2. 4. It is possible that _7_ errors may actually help learners to learn when they _8_ the errors they make.5. Errors are a conspicuous _9_ of learner language, _10_ the important question of Why do learners make errors?. 6. The acquisition of a particular grammatical structure must be seen as a _11_ involving transitional construction and follows a U-shaped _12_ of development.7. Systematic development of learner language reflects a _13_ system of L2 knowledge. And this system is often _14_ to as interlanguage.8. To understand what is meant by interlanguage, we need to briefly consider behaviorist learning _15_ and mentalist _16_ of language learning.9. The role of _17_ in L2 acquisition serves a consciousness-raising function by helping learners to notice _18_ in their interlanguage.10. Social _19_ influence interlaguage development via the impact they have on the _20_ that determine the kinds of language use learners engage in.II. Explain the following terms briefly. (30points)1. learner language 2. ta