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专题15 句型、句式考点分析第一节 感叹句和倒装句考察考点设置分析:1. 感叹句的句型结构属于一种倒装句,其倒装规律为:【主语+谓语动词】+【宾语或表语】:宾表词汇为了 强调而倒装到主谓之前而形成的句型What/How+宾表词汇+主语+谓语!2. 感叹句结构类型选择题 【速记口诀】:感叹句,并不难,what和how放句前;强调名词用what,其余用how很简单。 1)What用于感叹句的几种句型: What + (a / an +形容词+单数可数名词)+【主语+谓语】! What + (形容词+复数名词)+【主语+谓语】! What + (形容词+不可数名词)+【主语+谓语】! 2)How用于感叹句的几种句型: How + (形容词/副词)+【主语+谓语】! How + (形容词+ a/an +单数可数名词)+【主语+谓语】! How +【主语+谓语】!例1. -Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July.- Really? _ exciting news!A. How B. How a C. What an D. What例2. _ nervous the girl was! She could not fall asleep all night. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a3. 以“so 和neither /nor”开头的倒装句的结构选择考察 1)以So开头的倒装句为“肯定句类型”的倒装句两种结构考点:(必考考点) 完全倒装:“So + 系/情/助+主语.”译成“某人也是如此,某人也是一样。”相当于Me, too. 表示:上文提到某人做了一件事或是处于某种状态(肯定句),这时要表达另一个人也做了同一件事 或处于同一种状态。特征是描述两个人,上下句人称不同。例3. -John plays basketball very well. - (表示“我也打篮球很好”) 半倒装:“So + 主语 + 系/情/助。”译成“某人的确如此,某人确实这样。” 表示:上文提到某人做了一件事或是处于某种状态(肯定句),这时要表达得到别人的认可或肯定。 特征是描述同一个人,上下句的人称相同。例4. -John plays basketball very well. - (表示“他确实打篮球很好”)*2)以Neither或Nor开头的倒装句为“否定句类型”的倒装句两种结构考点:(非必考考点) 全倒装:Neither / Nor +系/情/助 + 主语。译成:某人也不是如此,某人也不是这样。 表示:上文提到某人没有做某事或是没有处于某种状态(否定句),这时要表达另一个人也没有做同 一件事或处于同一种状态时。特征是描述两个人,上下句人称不同。例5. -Johnson didnt play football yesterday. - (表示“我昨天也没踢足球”) 半倒装:Neither / Nor + 主语+系/情/助。译成:某人的确不是这样。 表示:上文提到某人没有做某事或是没有处于某种状态(否定句),这时要表达得到别人的确认,认 可。特征是描述同一个人,上下句人称相同。例6. - Johnson didnt play football yesterday. - (表示“他昨天确实没有踢足球”)第二节 There be句型和反义疑问句的考察考点设置分析:1. There be句型考点设置: 1)There be句型是用来表示(客观存在:在某地有某人或某物) have / has / had是用来表示(个人拥有:某人拥有某物) 重点考察:There be句型里不能与have (has)连用。 2)There be句型的各种时态形式选择 一般现在时(There is / There are)一般过去时(There was / There were) 现在进行时(There is /are +sb +doing sth)过去进行时(There was / were + sb + doing sth) 现在完成时(There have been)一般将来是(There will /is going to + be) 3)There be句型中系动词be与后边的名词保持一致,后边的名词是可数名词单数,系动词be用is/was, 如果后边名词是可数名词复数或不可数名词,系动词be则用are/were。若句中出现多个名词, (系动词be则与第一个名词保持一致。(即“就近原则”) 4)There be句型的反意疑问句用 (be there?)或(be not there?)2. 反义疑问句考点设置: 1)反义疑问句是【陈述句 + 由同一个陈述句变为的一般疑问句?】组成的句型结构。 2)反义疑问句的基本搭配结构选择 1)前半句(肯定句)+(否定形式的一般疑问句?) 2)前半句(否定句)+(肯定形式的一般疑问句?) 3)反义疑问句重点考点: 1)反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom,nobody, nothing, 等否定意义的词时, 问句部分用肯定式。否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例7. She never tells a lie, ?例8. He was seldom late, ?例9. They always feel uncomfortable, dont they? 2)陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时,问句部分的主语用it。例10. Something is wrong with the computer, ?例11. Nothing has happened to them, ? 3)陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody (someone), anybody (anyone), nobody (no one), everybody (everyone)时,问句部分的主语用he或 they,这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。例12. Someone has taken the seat, ?例13. Everyone has done their best in the game, ? 4)陈述部分为祈使句 a)若为lets引导,反问句用shall we? b)若为let us引导和其余的任何一般的否定祈使句,都用will you? c)一般的否定祈使句,后面要用肯定形式的will you?(祈使句前否后要肯) 一般的肯定祈使句则用will you? 或wont you? 都行(前肯后可否也可肯)例14. Lets go home together, ?例15 Let us stop to rest, ?例16. Do sit down, ?例17. Please open the window, ? *5)含有宾语从句的主从复合句反义疑问句: 含有think; believe; suppose; imagine; expect等主观意愿的动词后接宾语从句时,构成反义疑问句: a)当主句主语为 “I / We”第一人称时,其后的反义疑问句部分应与从句相一致。例18. I think our English teacher will be back this weekend, ? 例19. I dont think they will arrive here on time, ? b)当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只 看主句,与从句无关.)。例20. They dont believe shes an engineer, ? 例21. She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, ? 6)前否后肯类型的反义疑问句的回答形势的选择:Yes /No代表意义相反例22. We dont think the twins have arrived, (have they )? 若双胞胎已经到了,则回答为(Yes, they have).若尚未到达,使用(No, they havent.)实战链接:1. (2012天津) She was unhappy when she heard the bad news, _? A. was sheB. wasnt sheC. does sheD. didnt she2. (2012天津) Attention, please. There _ football game between China and South Korea this evening. A. is going to beB. has beenC. hasD. will have3. (2011天津) He hardly said anything at the meeting, _? A. didnt heB. did heC. does heD. doesnt he4. (2011天津) I dont think Jim studies hard, _? A. do I B. dont I C. does heD. doesnt he5. (2011天津) He believes we are right, _? A. does heB. doesnt heC. are weD. arent we6. (2012天津)-Miss Chen taught you math last year, _? -No, She taught us
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