. word格式 .一级：演奏指示Performance Directions（一）演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegretto allegro andante cantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/D.C. dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim. fine ( =forte ) (=fortissimo)legatolentomezzo (=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano )moderatop(=piano)pp(=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall.ritardando/ritard./rit.gradually getting quickerslow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro )quick( cheerful )at a walking pacein a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the sign becoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately )moderately loudmoderately quietmoderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick )quietvery quieta little , slightlygradually getting slowergradually getting slower逐渐加快慢(舒适)稍快(但不及allegro快)快(欢乐)，快板如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格渐强从头再奏回到记号“”处再奏渐弱渐弱结束处强，响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中)中强中弱中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许，稍渐慢渐慢ritenuto/riten.staccato/state.tempo（二）演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down )detachedspeed，time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign，repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音，断奏速度，时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱（=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音，断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。将音符(或休止符)的时值延长(=fermata )反复记号。在第二个记号处，音乐从第一个记号处开始重复(如乐曲没有第一个记号，音乐是从乐曲的开始处重复)连线:将两个有相同音高的音连结成一个音的弧线连线:圆滑地演奏各音(置于两个或一组音符的上方或下方的弧线)octave ( =ottava )perform an octave higher( written over a note or notes )perform an octave lower( written under a note or notes)76 crotchet beats in a minute( M.M.is short for Maelzel s Metronome )八度(=ottava)升高一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的上方)降低一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的下方)每分钟奏76个四分音符(M.M.是Maelzels Metronome(拍节机)的简称二级：（一）演奏术语aal, allaallargandoandantinoassaicon , coldolcee,edespressivo(espress./espr.)(=fortepiano)giocosogravegraziosolarghettolargomamaestosomenomoltomossoin the style of, for, at, with,ina cappella: in the style of chapela due : for two performersa piacere : at pleasurea puma d arco : with the point of the bowa tempo ; in timein the manner of, to the( alla marcia : in the style of a march )broadening(getting slower and louder)slightly faster than andantevery(allegro assai : very quick )withsoft, sweetandexpressivefirst loudly, then immediately softplayful , merrysolemn,very slowgracefulquite slow(but not as slow as largo)slow, statelybutmajesticlessmuch , verymoved( meno mosso : less moved )以风格、由、按照、用、按a cappella:以(无伴奏的)教堂风格演奏a due:由两位表演者演奏(唱)a piacere:按照表演者的与之所至地处理a puma darco:用弓尖演奏a tempo:按原来的速度以风格，至( alla marcia:进行曲风格)宽广的(渐慢及渐强)比行板(andante )稍快非常，很(allegro assai:很快)用，含有温柔地，甜蜜地和，以及有表情地先强然后立即转弱嬉戏的，快乐的严肃的，极缓慢的优雅的颇慢的，(但比广板largo稍快)慢的，庄严的但是华贵的，堂皇的少些十分，很活动的( meno mosso:稍慢)motononprestosenza(=sforzando/sforzato )simile/sim.sostenutotenutotroppovivace , vwo（二）演奏符号movement( con moto : with movement )notmore(faster than allegro)withoutaccented,forcedin the same waysustainedheldtoo much( non troppo : not too much )lively , quickthe note should be held for its full time-value ,and generally slightly detached(=tenuto)the note should be played as short as possibleand perhaps accented too( =staccatissimo)accentedstronger accent(usually stronger than )the notes should be slightly separated(=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato )活动( con moto:稍快)不是更多地快(比快板allegro更快)没有，去除重音，加强地( =sforzando/sforzato )如前的方式演奏持续的保持(要奏足该音的时值)太多( non troppo:不太多)有生气的，轻快的要奏足该音符的时值，各音之间稍间歇(=tenuto)短断音，发音比一般断音更短促，有时还有重音的意思