2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题目录 2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题（一） . 22018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题（二） . 42018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题（三） . 62018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题（四） . 8 2018年同济大学外国语学院827英语语言学知识之语言学教程考研仿真模拟五套题（五） . 10一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms1 Stylistics【答案】 Stylistics is a branch of linguistics studies the features of situationally distinctive uses （varieties ） of language , and tries to establish principles capable of accounting for the particular choices made by individual and social groups in their use of language. 2 Componential analysis【答案】 It refers to a semantic approach which defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components , or semantic features. For example , the meaning of the word boy may be analyzed into three components: HUMAN, YOUNG and MALE. 3 Arbitrariness【答案】 Arbitrariness : Arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs have no natural relationship to their meaning. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative , a conventionality of language makes a language be passed from generation to generation. For example, it is unable to explain why a book is called a /buk/ and a pen a /pen/. 4 The Innateness Hypothesis【答案】 The innateness hypothesis was proposed by Chomsky. It says that the ability to acquire a human language is part of the biologically innate equipment of the human being, and that an infant is bom with this knowledge of basic grammatical relations and categories, and this knowledge is universal.5 stream of consciousness writing【答案】 The term was originally coined by the philosopher William James in his Principle of Psychology （1890） to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind. It was later applied to the writing of William Faulkner, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and others experimenting early in the 20th century with the novelistic portrayal of the free flow of thought. Note, however, that the majority of thought presentation in novels is not stream of consciousness writing. The examples we have discussed above are not stream of consciousness writing because they are too orderly to constitute the free association of ideas. Perhaps the most famous piece of stream of consciousness writing is that associated with Leopold Bloom in Joyces Ulysses. Here he is in a restaurant thinking about oysters.“Filthy shells. Devil to open them too. Who found them out? Garbage, sewage they feed on. Fizz and Red bank oysters. Effect on the sexual. Aphrodis. （sic ） He was in the Red bank this morning. Was he oyster old fish at table. Perhaps he young flesh in bed. No. June has no ar （sic ） no oysters. But there are people like tainted game. Jugged hare. First catch your hare. Chinese eating eggs fifty years old ,blue and green again. Dinner of thirty courses. Each dish harmless might mix inside. Idea for a poison mystery.66 This cognitive meandering is all in the most free version of direct thought. It is also characterised by a highly elliptical sentence structure , with as many grammatical words as possible being removed consistently allowing the reader to be able to infer what is going on. The language is not very cohesive ，and breaks the Gricean maxims of Quantity and Manner. But we must assume that apparently unreasonable writing behaviour is related to a relevant authorial purpose. It is the assumption that Joyce is really cooperating with us at a deeper level , even though he is apparently making our reading difficult, that leads us to conclude that he is trying to evoke a mind working associatively.二、True-or-false6 Universal Grammar refers to the principles and properties that pertain to the grammars of all human languages.（ ）【答案】T【解析】普遍语法指符合所有人类语言特征的语法。 7 p is voiced bilabial stop.（ ）【答案】F【解析】p是双唇爆破音，没有摩擦。 8 Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene； but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.（ ）【答案】T【解析】语言可以反应出社会的性别歧视现象，但语言本身并无性别歧视意义，语言可以表达出人们对性别的 态度及对一些禁忌语和种族歧视的态度。 9 The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory.（ ）【答案】T【解析】把词语意义跟它所指称或所代表的事物联系起来的理论，叫做指称理论。 一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms1 functional morpheme【答案】 This is a subtype of free morphemes, which one consists largely of the functional words in language such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns, for example, “and, about when on , near, the” an so on. 2 inflectional morpheme【答案】 Inflectional morpheme: It is also called inflectional affixes, which attaches to the end of words. Inflectional affixes only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. The plural suffix is a typical example of this kind. 3 Endocentric construction【答