Unit5 卫忠连 GrammarFocus DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech 一字不改的将别人的话加以引用或复述出来 叫直接引语 直接引语须放在括号内 eg MrBlacksaid Ilikeplayingfootball 直接引语 Shesaid IamanEnglishteacher 括号内是直接引语 用自己的话转述别人的话 叫间接引语 间接引语不必用引号 而用宾语从句来表达 Eg MrBlacksaidthathelikedplayingfootball 间接引语 ShesaidthatshewasanEnglishteacher 宾语从句是间接引语 直接引语如果是陈述句 变为间接引语时 须由连词that来引导 that也可省略 that从句之前用say tell等动词 但要注意下列各种变化 第一类 直接引语是陈述句 人称的变化 eg Hesaid Iwanttoseeyou Hesaidthathewantedtoseeme Hesaidtome I veleftmybookinyourroom Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom 2 时态的变化 主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时态 直接引语中的谓语动词的时态须有下列变化 一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时 过去将来时 一般现在时变一般过去时 直接引语间接引语eg Hesaid Iambusy Hesaidthathewasbusy 他说 我很忙 他说他很忙 Hesaid Ican tdoitmyself Hesaidthathecouldn tdoithimself 他说 我自己不能做 他说他自己不能做 直接引语如果是客观真理 一般现在时则不变 eg Hesaid Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound 现在进行时变过去进行时 eg Hesaid I mreadingthebook 他说 我正在读这本书 Hesaidthathewasreadingthebook 他说他正在读那本书 Shesaid We rehavingameeting 她说 我们正在开会 Shesaidtheywerehavingameeting 她说她们正在开会 现在完成时变过去完成时 eg Shesaid IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay 她说 从五月份起就没有接到他的任何休息 ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay 她说自五月份起就没有接到过他的任何休息 一般过去时变过去完成时 eg Hesaid Icametohelpyou 他说 我曾到这里来帮过你的 Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme 他说他曾经来帮过我 Shesaidtome Isawthefilm 她对我说 我看过这个影片 Shetoldmethatshehadseenthefilm 她告诉我她看过这个影片 过去完成时不变 eg Hesaid Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper 他说 晚饭前我就把作业完成了 Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper 他说他晚饭前就已经把作业完成了 一般将来时变过去将来时 eg Shesaid I lldoitafterclass 她说 我将在课后来做 Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass 她说她将在课后做 Hesaid Iwillhelpher Hesaidhewouldhelpher 3 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语的变化 1 this that2 these those3 now then4 today thatday5 yesterday thedaybefore6 tomorrow thenext following day7 here e go9 Thisweek month year thatweek month year 10 nextweek month year thenextweek month year 11 threedays weeks months years hours ago threedays weeks months years hours before12 lastweek month year theweek month year before 1 Shesaid Iwillcomethismorning Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning 2 Hesaid Thesebooksaremine Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis 3 Hesaid Itisnineo clocknow Hesaidthatitwasnineo clockthen 4 Hesaid Ihaven tseenhertoday Hesaidthathehadn tseenherthatday 5 Shesaid Iwentthereyesterday Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore 6 Shesaid I llgotheretomorrow Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext following day 7 Hesaid Mysisterwasherethreedaysago Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore 8 Shesaid Iwillcomeherethisevening Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening 第二类直接引语是祈使句 直接引语如果是祈使句 变为间接引语时 须将动词原形变为动词不定式 并在动词不定式之前用tell ask order command等及物动词加宾语 如果祈使句是否定式 在不定式前加not eg Shesaidtous Pleasesitdown 她对我们说 请坐 Shetoldustositdown 她请我们坐下 Hesaid Don tmakesomuchnoise boys 他说 孩子们 不要弄这么大的声响 Heaskedtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise 他让孩子们不要弄那么大的声响 第三类直接引语是疑问句 直接引语如果是疑问句 变为间接引语时 须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序 句末用句号 直接引语是一般疑问句 变为间接引语时 须由whether或if来引导 主句中的谓语动词是said时 要改为asked eg Hesaid AreyouinterestedinEnglish Heasked me if whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish Hesaid Didyouseehimlastnight Heasked m whetherIhadseenhimthenightbefore 直接引语是特殊疑问句 变为间接引语时 须由疑问词引导 并将疑问句结构改为陈述句结构 句末用句号 eg Whatdoyouwant heaskedme HeaskedmewhatIwanted Heaskedme Whydidyoucomesolate HeaskedmewhyIhadgonesolate Hesaidthathewasgladtoreceivemyemail 2 HeaskedmewhetherIwasgoinghomethisweekend 3 SheaskedhowIlikedthefoodthere 4 Shetoldmenottorideinthestreet 5 Thepoliceorderedtheyoungmantostandwherehewas 6 SheaskedwhetherIwasfromthesouthofChina 7 Momtoldmenottotellalie 8 SusantoldmethattheyhadvisitedtheRedStarFarmtheweekbefore 9 MrPaultoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound 10 Themanageraskedhimtogoandposttheletters P45 1 BillaskedifJoewouldgiveittoFather 2 BillsaidthatifJoegiveittoFather hewouldhavetorunawayfromhomeagain 3 Joesaidthathehadneverdonesuchathingbefore 4 BillaskedJoetotellthemasterhewassorry 5 Shesaidthatshewouldfinishherworkthenextday 6 Myfathersaidthatshehadworkedtheretwentyyearsbefore 7 Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen 8 HeaskedmewhyIhaddoneit Reading 1 stayawayfrom脱离 缺席eg Thatday threeofusstayedawayfromthemeeting 2 stayawayfromschool逃课eg Healwaysstaysawayfromschool whichmakeshispatentsupset promisesb 承诺 答应某人promisetodosth promisesb not todosth eg Ipromiseyounottosaythat Hepromisedtoattendthemeeting buthedid tappear Ipromisedtomeetyouatfiveo clock 3 wilhaveto不得不 不能不eg Ifyoucannotpickmeup Iwillhavetostayattheairport 4 tellalietelllies说谎eg Theboypromisedhisfathernottotellalieanymore 5 threatensb threaten not todosth threatensb not todosth eg Hisfatherthreatenedtobeattheboyifhestoleagain 6 keepsilent保持沉默eg Whenwereturnedtotheclassroom theteacheraskedustokeepsilent 7 take outof 从 拿出 eg Theyoungmantookthekeyoutofhispocketandopenedthedoor 8 throw away把 扔掉eg Whatdidyouthrowaway Whydidyouthrowsuchgoodfruitsaway 9 What sthematter eg Hi John youlookdown What sthematter 10 trustsb 信任某人eg Youcan ttrustme Shecan ttakecareofyourbaby 11 tellthetruth说实话 说实在的eg Totellthetruth Idon tagreewithyou 12 not anymore 不再 再也不 eg Iwillnotgoshoppingwithyouanymore Idon twanttotalkwithyouanymore 13