.Translation Course Preliminary Remarks一 Introduction to translationDo you know about translation?1What is translation ?Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language.翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地表达出来的语言.2Its importance1) the cultural exchanges among countries, the social life and activities, the development of history, in our learning of English language2) an important media in conveying the emotion between human beings, in the expansion of knowledge and culture3) an important bridge or bond in accelerating the economic globalization季羡林：翻译是中华文化常葆青春，从未枯竭的万应灵药。 Is it easy or difficult? For common and easy sentence, its easy Actually it is difficult, even complex.English scholar I.A Richard“The most complex type of event yet produced in the evolution of the cosmos”.It is not really easy for a non-native speaker, especially English idiomatic and complex sentence, youll find it difficult. Eg.Translation for self-check1) History has never been kind to this place.2) The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.3) The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments.4) Hardly a day passes without him getting scratched or bruised as he scrambles for a place on a bus.5)从我们学校可以看到辽阔的大海。6)由于没有时间，我未能早些拜访你。7) 他做一手好菜。8) 屋子里鸦雀无声。1)这地方历年来都是多灾多难。2)我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。3)没有消息就是好消息。4)他挤公交车，抢占位置，身上不是这里擦破，就是那里刮伤，几乎天天如此。5)A view of the vast sea can be obtained from our school.6)The shortage of time has prevented me from calling on you earlier.7)He is a good cook.8) Complete silence prevailed in the room.Besides, translation is a bilingual work. It concerns how youve mastered the two languages. Its a touchstone of your language ability, not only English, but also Chinese.Eg.二 Learning methods1.Expand your English vocabulary , idiomatic and useful expressions by reading materials available. Not superficial acquaintance2.Master effective translation theory and techniquesEg: 1) That afternoon was spent in searching for the missing child in the city.2) Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle. 3) As a place to live in, it left much to be desired.三Prerequisites1.Read books of famous English articles and essays with Chinese translation and take necessary notes2.Take active part in class activities (simultaneous interpretation)3.Do the assigned translation exercises and relevant exercises such as those of Test for English Major Grade EightSimultaneous translation practice-Time is a bankEveryone has a bank. Its name is time. Every morning, it credits you with 86,400 seconds. Every night it writes off, as lost, whether you have invested it to good purpose or not. It carries over no balance. It allows no overdraft.Each day it opens a new account for you. Each night burns the records of the day. If you fail to use the days deposits, the loss is yours.So time is important, make the most use of it. “Make the most of today, ” “Seize the day!”-On the eve of graduation of the students of Grade 2008, many teachers were invited to their banquet in honor of teachers. The atmosphere was good and everyone of them was happy. So was I. As far as I know, they were able to begin the new journey of life. Ten have become postgraduates of various universities and nearly all the rest have been employed in factories, companies and other organizations. Undoubtedly, this is good news. In my opinion, that they can successfully find jobs in the present-day competitive job-hunting is not because they are bestowed favorable chance but that during their schooling years, they work hard at their majors and well cultivate their practical abilities.The Olympic Games are celebrated around the world as a big sports gala with great significance of maintaining peace, enhancing friendship and promoting civilization. As one of the most influential countries in the world today, China is willing to do her best to promote the Olympic Movement.Unit One DefinitionIWhat is translation ?Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language.翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。孙致礼P4张培基英汉翻译教程绪言Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language.翻译是从语义到文体在译入语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息.谭载喜奈达论翻译Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.Eugene A. Nida and Taber The Theory and Practice of Translation翻译就是译入语复制出原语信息最接近的自然等值体, 首先就意义而言,其次就风格而言. II. Classification1.从译出语(出发语, source language)和译入语(归宿语target或receptor language)的角度分为: 1)本族语译外语 2)外语译本族语2.从语言符号(semiology)的角度分为: 1)语内翻译(intralingual translation) 2)语际翻译(interlingual translat