牛津高中英语模块二（第一讲）主讲教师：邵磊 主审： 孙德霖【教学内容与教学要求】一、 教学内容：牛津高中英语模块二Unit 1（上）二、教学要求：1学会谈论有关宇宙空间的简单话题。2学习阅读英语新闻综述。3理解现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意义和用法。 【知识重点与学习难点】一、 重要单词：tale, unexplained, .alien, mystery, technology, monster, sunken(adj) stonehenge, pyramid, disappearance, multi-coloured, nightmare, detective, format, detail, paragraph, Yeti, puzzle(n&v), sighting, witness, creature, research, frighten, case, murder, convincing, evidence, typical, outer, progress, treasure, lately, website, wild, similar, hairy, strength, footprint, existence, inch, exploration, orbit, launch, artificial, astronaut, oxygen.二、重点词组：run into碰到, believe in相信（信仰、理论、说法等）, step up加紧, go missing失踪, show great interest in对.表现出极大的兴趣, due to因为, show up露面, according to根据, pull back拉开, do research on在.方面进行研究, rule out排除, look into调查, make up编造, take charge of负责, make a speech作报告, so far到目前为止, outer space外层空间, human beings人类, space shuttle航天飞机, Soviet Union苏联, carry out.完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行, dream of梦想, come true实现, solar system太阳系, comic strip连环漫画. 三、【语法】A.现在完成时1现在完成时态的构成：现在完成时是由助动词have/has+过去分词构成。2在现完成时 表示动作完成在过去，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already，just，ever，never和yet等连用。表示曾去过某处have / has been；表示某人去某处（还没有回来）用have / has gone。例如：I have just locked the door. He has left London for York.3表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，有以下几种情况：与for + 表示一段时间的词组连用。例如：I have worked here for 20 years.与since + 表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。例如：They have had 4 meetings since the new term began.4. 非延续性动词与可延续性动词 两者都可用于现在完成时，但非延续性动词用在现在完成时时不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如果必须这样用，就需要把非延续性动词转化为可延续性动词或状态动词。He has been back for three days. He has been back since three days ago. Its three days since he came back. Three days has passed since he came back.B.现在完成进行时构成：have/has been+doing现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性。现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩,例如: The couple have been quarreling ever since they got married.（说话人对这对夫妻的关系很不以为然） You have been asking me questions for the last two hours.（不耐烦）1 现在完成进行时可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时刻还在进行。例如：a. He has been working on the puzzle since early morning.b. We have been waiting for the result for half a day.2 现在完成进行时可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时刻刚刚结束。例如：a. Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.b. I have been wondering about your behavior.3. 现在完成进行时可以用来表示过去刚刚完成的动作，其结果对现在有影响或联系，例如：a. She has been crying(她现在眼睛还在红肿).b. It has been snowing.(地上已经有了一层雪).【难点讲解】1. The world we live in today is full of mysteries unsolved even by todays advanced science and technology.我们生活的世界里充满了谜团, 这些谜团即使是当今发达的科学技术也无法解开。过去分词短语unsolved even by todays advanced science and technology是mysteries的定语，它的作用相当于定语从句which are unsolved even by todays advanced science and technology。当定语从句是由关系代词be动词过去分词或现在分词短语构成时，关系代词和be动词可以省略。例如：Stories (which were) made up by him didnt sound very convincing.People (who are) living in these areas believe in ghosts.Advanced 先进的、发达的。2. Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing in Dover, New Hampshire.美国警方现已加紧对一名15岁失踪男孩的搜索，该男孩于两天前在新罕布什尔州的多佛市失踪。step up加紧，如: step up production, step up the campaign, step up the lobby(加紧游说)search在句中作名词，常见词组有ones/the search for（对的搜索、探求），in search of(为了寻求)。例如：His search for truth has led to one discovery after another.He risked his life in search of truth. Police是集体名词，形式上永远是单数，和复数动词连用。3. People have shown great interest in his disappearance due to sighting of puzzling lights in the sky and reports of alien visits around the time of his disappearance.公众对男孩的失踪表现出极大的兴趣，原因是在他失踪前后有人声称看到天空中出现令人迷惑不解的亮光，还有关于外星人造访地球的报道。4. Standing inside were lots of white-skinned, strange-looking creatures with large black eyes.（飞碟）里面站着许多白皮肤、样子奇怪、长着黑色大眼睛的生物。这是个倒装句，这句话的正常语序是：Lots of white-skinned, strange-looking creatures with large black eyes were standing inside. 当句子的主语部分太长，或说话人想要强调对动作的描写时，可以把现在分词短语和主语部分的位置交换，形成“现在分词短语be动词主语部分”的倒装结构。例如：Lying there was a thin, black woman with untidy hair and stony face.Coming up is a talk show by our famous host Peter Pan.white-skinned白皮肤的，这是一个由形容词名词ed构成的复合形容词，中学阶段常见的还有: kind-hearted, bold-faced, ill-tempered等。strange-looking样子奇怪的。形容词/副词动词ing也可以构成的复合形容词，例如：good-looking, easy-going(好相处的), never-ending, ever-lasting.5. believe和believe inbelieve+sb表示“相信某人的话”，believe+sth表示“相信某事的真实性”。例如：I believe George, he has never told a lie.Do you believe his story?Believe in+sb表示“信任某人”，believe in+sth表示“相信某事的存在、信仰某种学说或宗教”。例如：I believe in Ed, he will never let me down (让我失望).I dont believe in UFO.He believes in Maxism.6. search和search forsearch+搜查的对象，例如：search the house, search the prisoner.Search for+，例如：search for gold, search for food.也可以是：search+搜查的对象搜索的目标。例如：search the house for the thief7. make up编造, make up for补偿、弥补, be made up of由.构成. 例如：We had to work day and night to make up for the lost time.He made up this story simply to draw attention