The Lymphatic System 淋巴系统,山东大学医学院 解剖教研室李振华,The Lymphatic System 淋巴系统,The Lymphatic System 淋巴系统,Heart,Artery,Capillaries,Vein,Cell,Tissue fluid,Lymphatic capillary,Lymphatic vessel,Lymphatic node,Lymphatic trunk,Lymphatic duct,The Lymphatic System 淋巴系统,CompositionLymphatic vessel 淋巴管Lymphatic capillary 毛细淋巴管Lymphatic vessels: 淋巴管two sets, superficial and deepLymphatic trunks （nine）: 淋巴干（九条）Lymphatic ducts: thoracic duct 胸导管right lymphatic duck 右淋巴导管Lymphatic tissue 淋巴组织Lymphatic organ 淋巴器官Lymphatic nodes 淋巴结Spleen 脾thymus 胸腺Tonsil 扁桃体,The Lymphatic System 淋巴系统,Lymphatic capillary 毛细淋巴管Begin blindlyThe wall is composed of a single layer of overlapping endothelial cellsThey are numerous and form complex networks The brain, spinal cord, bone marrow, parenchyma of spleen and eyeball lack lymphatic capillaries,The Lymphatic System 淋巴系统,Lymphatic vesselHave valves that give them a beaded appearanceTwo sets: superficial (lie in the superficial fascia ) and deep (run with blood vessels and nerves) Passes through at least one lymph node and often several,The Lymphatic System 淋巴系统,Right lymphatic duck,Thoracic duct,The Lymphatic System 淋巴系统,lymph node 淋巴结 (Small oval or bean-shaped bodesAfferent vessels enter the node on its convex surface, and afferent vessels leave the node at its concave surfacethe hilumArranged in groups, along the blood vesselsRegional nodes,The lymphatic drainage of head,Lymph nodes of headLocated at junction of head and neckConsist of Occipital lymph nodes 枕淋巴结Mastoid lymph nodes 乳突淋巴结Parotid lymph nodes 腮腺淋巴结 Submandibular lymph nodes 下颌下淋巴结 lies near the submandibular gland, receive lymphatic vessels from the face, nose and mouthsubmental lymph nodes 颏下淋巴结Drain into deep cervical lymph nodes,Lymph nodes of the neck,Anterior cervical ln. 颈前淋巴结Superficial anterior cervical lymph nodesDeep anterior cervical lymph nodesLateral cervical ln. 颈外侧淋巴结 Superficial lateral cervical ln. 颈外侧浅淋巴结lie along the external jugular vein Deep lateral cervical ln. 颈外侧深淋巴结extend along the internal jugular vein,Lymph nodes of the neck, Deep lateral cervical ln. 颈外侧深淋巴结Extend along the internal jugular vein from the base of skull to the root of neckDivided into superior deep lateral cervical ln. and inferior deep lateral cervical ln.Receive lymphatic vessels from head, neck, tongue, larynx, cervical parts of esophagus and trachea, thyroid gland, upper parts of the thoracic wall and breastEfferent vessels form the jugular trunkLeft jugular trunk joins the thoracic duct Right jugular trunk joints the right lymphatic duct,Lymph nodes of the neck,Superior deep lateral cervical ln. 颈外侧上深淋巴结Jugulodigastric ln. 颈内静脉二腹肌淋巴结 Lies at the junction of posterior belly of digastric and internal jugular veinDrain the nasopharynx, palatine tonsil and root of tougueInferior deep lateral cervical ln. 颈外侧下深淋巴结Juguloomohyoid ln. 颈内静脉肩胛舌骨肌淋巴结 Lies at the junction of the intermediate tendon of omohyoid and internal jugular veinDrain the apex of tongue,Lymph nodes of the neck,Inferior deep lateral cervical ln. 颈外侧下深淋巴结Supraclavicular lymph nodes 锁骨上淋巴结 Lie along transverse cervical a. & v.Retrophrangeal ln. 咽后淋巴结Lying vertically behind the pharynx,Lymph nodes of upper limb,Cubital lymph node 肘淋巴结 lies above medial epicondyle of humerusInfraclavicular nodes 锁骨下淋巴结 Axillary lymph node 腋淋巴结 arranged in five groups,Axillary lymph nodes,Axillary lymph nodes vary in size from a pin-head to a large bean. They are arranged in five groups.,Axillary lymph nodes,Pectoral lymph nodes 胸肌淋巴结Lying along the lower border of pectoralis minor behind the pectoralis majorReceive lymph vessels from the lateral quadrants of the breast and superficial vessels from the anterolateral abdominal wall above the level of the umbilicus,Axillary lymph nodes,Lateral lymph nodes 外侧淋巴结Along medial side distal part axillary veinReceives lymph from upper limb,Axillary lymph nodes,Subscapular lymph node 肩胛下淋巴结Lying along subscapular vessels, in front of the subscapularis Receive superficial lymph vessels from the back, down as far as the level of the iliac crestsEfferents above three groups pass to central lymph node,Axillary lymph nodes,Central lymph node 中央淋巴结Lying in the center of the axilla in the axillary fat Receive lymph from the above three nodesEfferents pass to apical lymph node,Axillary lymph nodes,Apical lymph node 尖淋巴结Lying at the apex of the axilla at the lateral border of the fist rib Receive lymph the efferent lymph vessels from all the other axillary nodesThe efferents of the apical nodes form the subclavian trunk,Axillary lymph nodes,Lateral ln.,Pectoral ln.,Subscapular ln.,Central ln.,Apical ln.,Efferents form subclavian trunk, the right subclavian trunk joints the right lymphatic duct; left usually drains directly into thoracic duct,