2019-2020年高中英语 Module 5 Ethnic Culture-Section 1 Background Readings素材 外研版选修71. The Jinuo Ethnic Group: The Jinuo Ethnic Group is made up of around 18,000 people who live in the Jinghong area of Yunnan. Their language is a Chinese-Tibetan language with no written script, but they mostly speak Chinese today. They live by farming, and fishing, and they grow mainly rice, maize and tea. Rice and maize, along with beans, are their staple foods; they eat three meals a day, with lunch being taken on their farmland. They live in large houses made of bamboo on mountain slopes. About 20 or 30 families live on the upper floor of the same house, keeping their animals on the ground floor. The women wear colorful jackets and short black skirts, while the men wear a short white jacket and white or blue trousers. They are known as good singers and dancers, and the drum is a very important instrument for them. In December they have a special Sun-drum Dance, when older people play a special drum and others dance around drum.2. Ethnic Minorities in the UK: Immigration from countries which were former British colonies means that there are many other ethnic groups in the UK. These are the figures from the xx censsus (published xx). Total UK population: 58,789,194. Ethnic groups: White: 92.1%, Mixed: 1.2%, Asian/Asian British: 4.0%, Black/Black British: 1.8%, Chinese: 0.4%, other: 0.6%. 3. Naxi: With a population of about 278009 (as of1990), the Naxi ethnic group mainly live in concentrated munities in the Naxi Autonomous County of Lijiang in the Yunnan Province, and the rest are scattered throughout the neighboring counties in Yunnan Province, as well as Yanyuan, Yanbian and Muli counties in Sichuan Province. There is also a small number living in the Mangkang County in the Tibet Autonomous Region. The Naxi ethnicminority has its own language which belongs to the Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman Austronesian of the Chinese-Tibetan Phylum. The ancient Naxi people created pictographic characters called the “Dongba” script and a syllabic writing known as the “Geba” script. However, they were difficult to master, and in 1957 the government helped the Naxi design an alphabetic script. Due to close contact with the Han people over the past several hundred years, the Naxi people also use the oral and written Chinese to municate.According to historical documents, the forefathers of the Naxi people were closely related to a tribe called “Maoniu Yi” in the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), “Mosha Yi” in the Jin Dynasty (265-420) and “Moxie Yi” in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). The Naxis also had a number of other names. In 1278, the Yuan Dynasty established Lijiang Prefecture representing the imperial court in Yunnan Province. After the founding of the PRC in 1949, following consultation with the ethnic minority, it agreed upon the official name of Naxi ethnic minority.Agriculture is the main occupation of the Naxi people, together with stockbreeding and handicraft industry. The banks of the Jinsha River are heavily forested, and Yulong Mountain is known at home and abroad as a “flora storehouse”. The extensive dense forests contain Chinese fir, Korean pine, Yunnan pine and other valuable trees, as well as many varieties of herbs.Naxi literature is rich in form and content. The Dongba script created in the seventh century by the Naxi people is the only pictographic characters extant in the world. The Dongba Scripture, a religious work written in the pictographic script, describes the various aspects of life of the Naxi people during their long transition from slavery to feudalism. It is extremely important for the study of Naxi literature, history and religion.Most Naxi people were followers of the Dongba religion, which is a form of Shamanism. Lamaism, Buddhism, Taoism and Christianity only have limited access to the Lijiang area.The traditional festivals include the Farm-Tool Fair in January, the God of the Rain Festival in March, and the Mule and Horse Fair in July. There are also the Spring Festival, the Qingming Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-autumn Festival and the Torch Festival - all being the same as those of the Hans.4. 丽江丽江既是一个县又一个地区的名称。丽江地区现在管辖4个县，其中华坪县是煤炭基地，永胜县是鱼米之乡，宁蒗彝族自治县和丽江纳西族自治县是重点旅游开发区。全区面积20600平方公里，总人口112万，除汉族外，人口较多的还来纳西族、彝族、傈僳族、白族、普米族等10个少数民族，人口64万，约占全区总人口的57%。丽江少数民族的语言、习俗、民居、服饰、节日、歌舞丰富多采，独具特色。丽江坝子, 云南特有民族纳西族的主要聚居地，它是滇西北最大的高原盆地，面积近200平方公里，海拔2400米左右。丽江县城大研镇就坐落在坝子的中央。人们通常说的丽江古城，就是大研镇的中心，在1997年12月4日它被联合国列入世界文化遗产名单，成为一座世界文化名城。 为什么叫“丽江”呢？ “丽江”一名，始于元朝至元十三年（1276年）设置行政区丽江路。元史地理志说：“路因江名。”就是说，“丽江”地名的由来最早起源于金沙江的别称“丽水”。金沙江就是长江上游，因产金沙得名。但为什么金沙江又称“丽水”、“丽江”呢？史书上的主要说法是金沙江源于青藏高原犁牛石，而称犁水，即犁田的犁，山水的水。昆明大观楼长联作者孙髯翁就在金沙江诗中写道：“劈开蕃域斧无痕，流出犁牛向丽奔”。蕃域即今藏族先民吐蕃居住区。后因犁、丽声音相近而异写为丽水、丽江。 从地图上看，丽江的西、北、东三面都有金沙江环绕，就像拉丁字母W，形成三大转折奇观。由此看来，元世祖忽必烈用此突出的自然实体取名“丽江”，是很恰当的。丽江就是美丽的金沙江，当地纳西语又叫“依古堆”，意为大江转弯的地方。这里就引出了丽江古城的大环境玉壁金川。玉壁指的就是玉龙雪山，它位于这个坝子的北端，像是古城的一堵银色照壁，把古城映衬得光彩夺目。金川指的就是金沙江，它三面环绕丽江地区615公里，堪称全球最美丽的江段。 丽江县城虽然地处云南西北高原，终年看