1 单击此处编辑母版标 题样式 单击此处编辑母版副标题样式 Critical Thinking Unit 2 Book II Text 1 Critical Thinking Part I Paras 1 4 What is critical thinking definition Para 1 It s a system for opening every existing system Para 2 Or critical thinking is thinking that analyzes thought that assesses thought and that transforms thought for the better Para 2 There is a third way to talk about critical thinking It s thinking about thinking while thinking in order to think better Para 4 In other words critical thinking transforms thinking in two directions more systematically and more comprehensively Part II Paras 5 6 Critical thinking is important Para 5 It s important because we as creatures are deeply determined by our thinking Para 6 Our future as a species is dependent on whether we can develop the wherewithal to raise our collective thinking so as to produce positive changes in societies across the world Part III Paras 7 10 The task of developing critical societies is a Herculean one Para 7 topic sentence and background information Paras 8 10 There are many barriers to critical thought Para 8 human egocentricity sociocentricity self delusion narrow mindedness Para 9 fear human insecurity human habits bureaucracy Para 10 Then for us who are teaching student resistance to critical thinking is an obstacle mistaken notions ignorance our limited knowledge stubbornness our activated ignorance finally our resistance to doing the intellectual work Part IV Paras 11 15 How do we cultivate critical thinking Paras 11 and 12 This can be done only person by person through a process which we call intellectual work Think of the Elements of Thought Are we in the habit of asking questions Paras 13 15 What standards do you use to assess your thinking and the thinking of others I use the standards of clarity accuracy precision relevance depth breadth logic and fairness The last two paras conclusion Our students should learn to think critically so as to know how to change their thinking in keeping with the changes of the world What is critical thinking Why is it important for us Why is it so difficult How can we cultivate it What is being critical Critic comes from the Ancient Greek meaning a person who offers reasoned judgment or analysis and criticism is the activity of judgment or informed interpretation which can be synonymous with analysis Being critical in academic terms refers to two broad characteristics of a researcher s way of thinking 1 A critical researcher is always questioning a asking question expressing doubts nothing is taken for granted b scrutinizing evidence Where there is a claim made clarify the evidence that supports c drawing a conclusion check if the claims in question are credible or not 2 A critical researcher is open minded respectful of others even while perhaps challenging their work and constructive 3 The objective of critical research is to advance knowledge not to build one s own reputation or damage someone else s So how do you understand being critical in reading What do we mean by critical in reading read between lines be inquisitive judge credibility comment rationally reflect on oneself for improvement read between lines thinking carefully about what you read and why not just looking for and reading the obvious be inquisitive 1 questioning and testing what you read e g do the author s viewpoints and ideas appear justified Why or why not 2 asking good questions of others and of yourself 3 exploring further what is not adequately discussed in what you read judge credibility 1 judging what is believable and what is not 2 spotting and challenging potential bias distorted views prejudice and self interest in the work of others and in your own thinking 3 challenging ideas where appropriate and based on credible evidence comment rationally not just repeating the ideas of others but looking for connections or disparities and constructing your own arguments supported by a range carefully considered viewpoints reflect for improvement 1 looking for gaps and putting forward new or different solutions 2 adapting your plan your goal your way of reading and learning based on your developing insights What is the critical thinking stairway What do people do when they think critically Discussion I When you have a problem or simply when you want to do sth or achieve a certain goal what do you do to arrive at the final destination Discussion II Sherlock Holmes and John Watson have never met each other but they are going to share a flat When they meet for the first time they must wonder Who is the guy and what is he like How did Holmes get the answers How did Watson get the answers Holmes way to get the answer Question observation processing information analyzing what is seen and recognizing logical relationship between the visible and the invisible assumption putting the assumption to test reconstructing belief arriving at accurate conclusion Watson s way to get the answer puzzled waiting to be told the answer Critical Thinking Stairw