1书面表达基本功训练一、句子基本概念（一）五种基本句子类型：1主语+系动词 +表语I am a student. （名词）I am a student of Tongan No.1 Middle School. I was a student of Tongan No.1 Middle School 25 years ago(in 1985).I have been a student of Tongan No.1 Middle School since 2007.I will be a university student next autumn. We are happy. （形容词）We are happy in the school.We were happy when we were at school. My father was happy about my progress in the school.They are in the class room. （介词短语）They were in the classroom when the earthquake began. The children were in need of help. The children in the earthquake-stricken areas were in great need of medical help.My first reaction is to run away. （不定式）Your job is to tidy your bedroom every day.My hobby is collecting stamps in my spare time. （动名词）This is what he told me yesterday. （从句）My suggestion is that we hold a class meeting to discuss the matter.2主语+谓语（不及物动词）We live in China.They come from England. They lived in China ten years ago.The boys ran away as soon as they saw the teacher.23主语+谓语（及物） +宾语I like English.I found my book under the desk. He met an old friend on his way to work.You will see a high building next to the super market.4主语+谓语 +双宾语I gave my mother a birthday present.I wrote him a letter telling him about my situation there.5主语+谓语 +宾语+宾补The news really made me happy.We called him monkey because he could jump very high. The teacher didnt allow us to eat or drink in the classroom.The movie star found himself surrounded by a group of reporters and fans.（二）句子成分：主语：名词、代词、不定式、-ing 形式、从句The book was written by an American writer. It is about the American Civil War. To understand it is not easy. Having some knowledge of the American history helps you to have a better understanding of it. What is the most impressive is the description of the characters. 谓语：动词（时态变化、数的变化）China began the policy of reform and opening to the outside world in 1978. Since then great changes have taken place. The economy has rapidly grown and people are living a happy life. This year China will celebrate its 60th anniversary. 表语：名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语形式、从句Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. He was born in Shanghai. He was interested in basketball since he was a teenager. His ambition was to play in NBA and his dream came true in 2000. His career in NBA began to take off when he played for the Rockets. The success of Yao Ming is what everyone of us should learn from. 3宾语：名词、代词、不定式、-ing 形式、从句Now everyone knows about Influenza A H1N1, which is a highly infectious virus. To prevent ourselves from being infected with it, we should first learn about how it spreads. Avoid going to crowded places if you dont need to. Second, we should keep good habits, like washing hands often. Thirdly, we should do sports regularly to keep fit. Having a healthy body helps to reduce the chance of getting infected. We should always remember that the disease is around us and that it is important to take care of ourselves.状语：副词、介词短语、非谓语形式、状语从句Normally, I get up early in the morning. However, I got up very late this morning. When I woke up, it was already 8:10. I knew that I had an important meeting to attend at 8:30, so I washed quickly and rushed through my breakfast. Hurriedly, I closed the door and rushed to the garage. I nearly got mad when I realized that I left all the keys at home. Not knowing what to do, I had to take a taxi. As it was rush hour, it took nearly 20 minutes to get to the office. When I arrived, the boss was speaking. Everyone looked at me in a strange way and I knew trouble was awaiting me. 定语：名词、形容词、介词短语（后置） 、非谓语形式、定语从句Last Sunday I went shopping with my mother. We went into a shoe store first. The saleswoman in the store introduced the latest styles to us. When she showed me a pair of sports shoe made in the US, I immediately knew that it was what I was looking for. Unfortunately, the store didnt have the right size for me. The saleswoman promised to order one for me. This morning I got the shoes. It is the same style, but not the color I like best. 宾补：名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语形式1. A healthy diet is very important. It will make you healthy and energetic. And what do you call a healthy diet? A healthy diet should include lots of fruits and vegetables, but very little fat and sugar. 2. When I passed by the crossing, I saw a yellow taxi traveling northwards at a high speed. Suddenly a bike appeared. It was too late. The taxi ran into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off. 4书面表达基本功训练（一）：句子成分主语：名词、代词、不定式、-ing 形式、从句1. _（早起）is a good habit.2. _（上课迟到）is not allowed in school.3. _（经常做运动）is good for health.4. _（你刚才所说的）hurt her.5. _（我们什么时候考试）is still unknown.6. It is clear _（英语很重要）.7. It is dangerous _（走那条木桥）8. It is not necessary _