高三年级检测英语试题第卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A “For millions of children worldwide, the lack of clean water is common,”said Tommy Kelly, a student at Patton Middle School. If that happened in our country, there would be an outrage . Tommy and his classmates take clean water for grantedor at least they did so before they found out that kids in many other countries dont have it. They said they couldnt believe the images they saw of children playing in dirty water either. So they decided to do something. On Saturday, March 21, they scheduled a Walk for Water to help bring clean water to schools in Uganda.They planned to collect donations for each of the kilometers they walked. And they planned to walk approximately five kilometersthe distance they say many kids have to walk to get water every day. The Patton kids timed their walk to coincide with World Water Day in order to raise awareness about the importance of conserving water.Experts say all of us need to be more conscious of how much water we useor we might not have enough to go around in the future. According to a study, a number of factors are putting strain on Ugandas water supply. Experts say climate change could cause droughts in places where water was once plentiful. And the major factor is: as Ugandas population grows, not only are people using more water as a whole, but the farmers also have to use more water to grow more crops. The United Nations says nearly 2 million people there already dont have access to clean water. And in some communities, the same water gets used for bathing, cleaning, drinking and sanitation (卫生). As a result, many kids die every year from water-related diseases.It might not seem like one person could make a difference. However, if each of us made an effort to conserve water, the results might just add up.Thats why Tommy got involved in the Walk for Water and he has taken a great step for us.21. Why did Tommy and his classmates organize the Walk for Water?A. To prevent children from playing in dirty water.B. To call on all the students to drink clean water.C. To help Ugandan students get easy access to clean water.D. To warn people not to take clean water for granted.22. The underlined word strain in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by A. pressureB. weightC.reliefD.injury23. The shortage of water supply in Uganda is mainly caused by A. climate changeB. population growthC. environmental pollutionD. overuse of water in factories24. Through the last paragraph, the author tends to show that _A. we should follow Tommys exampleB. everyone should try to help those in needC. more financial support is needed to save waterD. Tommy cant improve Ugandans living conditions aloneBIn 1851, Auguste Comte, the French philosopher and father of sociology, coined the new word altruism(利他主义)as part of a drive to create a non-religious religion based on scientific principles.He defined it as “intentional action for the welfare of others that involves at least the possibility of either no benefit or a loss to the actor”. At that time, studies of animal behavior and phrenology (颅相学) led him to locate egotistical (自我本位的) instincts at the back of the brain, altruistic ones at the front.Today, we have a far more sophisticated knowledge of the neurological (神经学的) and biochemical factors that underpin kind behavior. And this science forms the bases of two books aimed at general readersbut also at those who, despite the research, still doubt the existence of altruism.However, the books may end up providing more information for the naysayers. Take The Altruistic Brain by neuroscientist Donald Pfaff. On solid scientific ground, he builds a five-step theory of how altruism occurs, which depends on an idea that is unconvincing and may achieve the opposite result. Pfaff argues that to act altruistically you should first visualize the receiver of your good will, then mentally transform their image into your own, “from angle to angle and curve to curve”. Does it really work?At the core of evolutionary biologist David Sloan Wilsons Does Altruism Exist? is another contentious (有争议的) idea: altruism has evolved as the result of group selection. But Wilson argues his corner masterfully, providing a clever reply to the belief that natural selection occurs only at the level of the selfish gene: “Selfishness beats altruism within groups. Altruistic groups beat selfish groups,” he says.In other words, we cooperate when doing so gives our team the advantage. That doesnt sound very selfless either.Wilson acknowledges this, but argues that thoughts and feelings are less important than actions