看懂图表你需要注意的 几个要点 首 尾藏主旨 概括考提炼 What news stories do you read Divisions of news stories of the two classes Unstable boundaries of the two classes In general the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption accidents and disasters sports social events and human interest Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs economic matters social problems science education and health News of the first kind pays its rewards at once News of the second kind however pays its rewards later 首 尾藏主旨 概括考提炼 What news stories do you read Divisions of news stories of the two classes Unstable boundaries of the two classes Explanations 细 节考替换 要点必复现 What news stories do you read Division of news stories People except to get from reading news News stories are roughly divided into two classes Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won t People select news in expectation of a reward This reward may be either of two kinds One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle the other to what he calls the Reality Principle For want of better names we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward 细 节考替换 要点必复现 What news stories do you read Division of news stories People except to get from reading news News stories are roughly divided into two classes Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won t rewards rewarded 留 意同根词 搭配要记清 News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual Explanations of the two classes Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and similar feelings with those involved News of the first kind pays its rewards at once A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved He can tremble wildly at an axe murder shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane identify himself with the winning team laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs 留 意同根词 搭配要记清 News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual Explanations of the two classes Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and similar feelings with those involved involvement share 留 意同根词 搭配要记清 News of delayed reward will make readers suffer or present a to them Explanations of the two classes News of delayed reward will induce the reader to for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to from the reality News of the second kind however pays its rewards later It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance for example when he reads of the threatening foreign situation the mounting national debt rising taxes falling market scarce housing and cancer It has a kind of threat value It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared When a reader selects delayed reward news he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work When he selects news of the other kind he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world 留 意同根词 搭配要记清 News of delayed reward will make readers suffer or present a to them Explanations of the two classes News of delayed reward will induce the reader to for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to from the reality threat prepare withdraw 词 有上下位 概括还要看搭配 What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their Unstable boundaries of the two classes Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and themselves to the reality Thus the division on the whole on the reader For any individual of course the boundaries of these two classes are not stable For example a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem rather than for its immediate reward A coach may read a sports story for its threat value he may have to play that team next week A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting not for its delayed reward but very much as his wife reads an account of a party In any given story of corruption or disaster a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness Therefore while the division of categories holds in general an individual s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward 词 有上下位 概括还要看搭配 What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their Unstable boundaries of the two classes Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and themselves to the reality Thus the division on the whole on the reader profession s intention adapt depends Have fun