Adverbial Clause 状语从句考点 1 一 状语从句的定义 功能 分类 定义 在复合句中作状语的从句 功能 状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中 的动词 形容词或副词 或整个主句 分类 按意义可分为时间 地点 原因 目的 结果 条件 方式 比较 让步等状语从句 从句的位置放在句首 也可放在句末 放在 句首时 从句后面常用一个逗号 放在句末时 从句前一般不用逗号 2 状语从句 时间状语从句 条件状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 让步状语从句 地点状语从句 方式状语从句 目的状语从句 比较状语从句 考什么 连接词 语序 省略 语气 3 二 能力要求 1 了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语 从句中经常使用的连词 2 能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句 的逻辑关系 从而能够使用恰当的连词 完成交际 3 能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的 用法区别 4 一 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 1 基本类 before after when while as since till until once as soon as etc It will be two months before he comes back It is two years since he smoked 2 名词类 由名词词组充当引导词 the moment the minute the second the instant etc 一 就 every time each time the last time the first time etc I ll tell him the minute that he gets here I started the very moment I got your letter 5 3 副词类 由副词充当引导词 immediately directly instantly etc 一 就 4 句型类 no sooner than hardly scarcely when etc 一 就 e g I will give you an answer immediately I finish my work The machine will start instantly you press the button e g She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted Scarcely had he gone when she appeared 注意 用于句首时应引起部分倒装 且前部分一般 用过去完成时 6 下课的时候 we began our writing John sings 边走 我们看电视的时候 he was writing a composition When the lesson was over as he walks While we were watching TV 注意 1 when as while 的区别 when 持续性 非持续性动词都可 as 当 一边 一边 随着 while 持续性动词 进行7 2 till until和not until小结 1 until till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时 主句的动 词是延续性动词 表示动作或状态一直持续到until till 所表示的时间 意为 某动作一直延续到某时间点才停 止 如 We waited until he came 2 用于否定句时 主句谓语动词是非延续性动词 从 句为肯定 意为 某动作直到某时间才开始 如 He won t go to bed till until she returns 3 till不可以置于句首 而until可以 如 Until you told me I had no idea of it 4 not until句型中的强调和倒装说法 It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it Not until you told me did I have any idea of it 8 3 连接词before的小结 一 含义 1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land 2 We hadn t run a mile before he felt tired 3 Please write it down before you forget it 4 Before I could get in a word he had measured me 才 不到 就 趁 还没来得及 二 Before从句中谓语不用否定式 如 Before they reached the station the train had gone 三 1 句型It will be was 段时间 before 还要过多久才 如 It will be two years before he leaves the country 2 句型It will be was 一段时间 before 不多久就 如 It wasn t two years before he left the country 9 4 Since的句型 句型It is 段时间 since 时间的计算一 律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时 算起 如 It is three years since she was in our class 她离开我们班有三年了 It is three years since he lived here 10 二 条件状语从句 1 引导词 if unless as long as so long as in case that onconditionthat provided providingthat ifonly onl yif granted granting given assuming supposing sup pose etc I ve waited here for about half an hour I myself could drive a car A Only if B If only C If D Only Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind they hunt them for food A If B while C unless D as 11 2 非真实条件句中应用虚拟语气 Eg If you 接受 your teacher s advice you wouldn t have failed the exam 3 真实条件句中的时态 e g If it 下雨 tomorrow I will not go out had taken rains 12 unless unless 与与if not if not 的用法的用法 If you don t start at once you will miss the train If you don t start at once you will miss the train Unless you start at once you will miss the train Unless you start at once you will miss the train unless unless 在意义上相当于在意义上相当于if not if not 常可以换用常可以换用 13 In case he comes let me know You can go out as so long as you promise to be back before eleven I will come again tomorrow provided that I have time if Supposing that it rains tomorrow what shall we do if Unless you tell him yourself he ll lose faith in you completely We ll let you use the room on condition that provided that you keep it clean and tidy 14 because 直接原因 非推断 语气最强 回答why since 通常放句首 译为 既然 as 不谈自明的原因 语气最弱 for 放句中 引导后半句表原因 三 原因状语从句 1 1 引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是 引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是 because because since since 和和asas 所引导的从句可以放在主句之前 也 所引导的从句可以放在主句之前 也 可放在主句之后 其中可放在主句之后 其中 becausebecause语势最强 语势最强 sincesince次次 之 之 asas又次之 又次之 15 1 在强调句中强调原因状语从句 只能用because 引导 不可用as或since 2 because可以引导表语从句 而as since不可以 这 时主语一般都是it this that It was he was ill that he didn t go with us It s he is too lazy 3 since表示 既然 只能放主句前 you are here you must do it because 用because as since 填空 because Since 16 1 John didn t come to school being ill yesterday A because of B because C since D as 2 Mum can I go out to play football with jessica No you can t your homework is being done A before B until C as D when 3 These two areas are similar they both have a high rainfall during this season A to that B besides that C in that D except that 17 2 复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句 这 些连词有 now that seeing that considering that for the reason that by reason that for fear that that等 如 Now that Since you mention it I do remember Now that he is absent you ll have to do the work by yourself Now Since the rain has stopped let s start Seeing that all the guests have arrived let s have dinner Considering that they are just beginners they are doing quite a good job 18 3 原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because as since now that considering that seeing that 等词 引导 because语气较强 用以回答why问句 as语气较弱 较口语化