U3 main GetStarted TextStudy SupplementaryResources Unit10 TheModernistMovementand LiteraryAchievement GetStarted main GetStarted GetStarted 1 AGeneralIntroduction 2 FocusIn GetStarted 1 1 GetStarted GetStarted 1 1 GetStarted Modernismwasbornattheturnofthe20thcenturyandsweptmanycountries Manysocialandpsychologicalproblemsfoundexpressioninculturalandliteraryform thusrepresentingtherealmoodandemotionoftheordinarypeopleintheWestwhoweretornbycountlesstroublesarisingoutofthesocial politicalandculturalcontradictionsandclashes Atthisjuncture theemergenceofanumberofschoolsofsocialideologyinthelate19thcentury suchasFreud stheoryofpsycho analysis Bergson stheoryofintuitionalismaswellastheseeminglyirrationalideasofSchopenhauerandNietzschehelpeddefineandclarifythespiritualneedsofthoseintellectuals Theseideologicalvarietiesfurtheremancipatedpeople smindandgavethembothcourageanddirectiontotapthenewareaofhumanknowledgeandideology GetStarted 1 2 GetStarted Inawaythechangeoftheculturalandintellectualclimateinthisperiodhadsomethingtodowithromanticismandculturaltrendofthetime Moreradicalmodesofcreationappeared firstinpoetryandthenspreadtootherformsofwritingandart Theyweremorerebellious moreradical moreopposedtotraditionandsocialrealityandmoreconcernedwiththeirownformsofsubjectiverepresentation Suchachangedapproachmovedeventuallyintomodernism Symbolismasanaestheticmovementopenedthewayfortheeventualarrivalofmodernism agrandandcomplicatedculturalmovementtakingformatthebeginningofthe20thcentury Itincludedliteratureandartandembracedmanyschoolsofideologicalrebellionandalternativeformsofartisticrepresentation Itmarkedtheinceptionofareallyneweraintermsofculturalandintellectualdevelopment GetStarted 2 1 GetStarted TounderstandthebackgroundanddefinitionofmodernismTocomparethedifferentmodernisttrendsofliteratureTogetfamiliarwiththemajormodernistfiguresTogettoknowtheliteraryandculturalcriticismofnewera TextStudy main TextStudy TextStudy I AGeneralAccountofModernism II ModernistTrendofLiterature III ModernistLiteratureinBritainandOtherEnglish speakingCountries IV LiteraryandCulturalCriticismofNewEra TextStudy I 1 4 TextStudy MainIdeas TheearlysignsofModernism themiddleofthe19thcenturyinFrance Baudelaireinpoetry Manetinpainting Flaubertinprosefictiontwoschoolsofartsandletters impressionismandsymbolismThedefinitionofModernism byMorrisBib i twoextremes thereestablishmentofreligiousfaithontheonehandandthedefenceofindividualist anarchistcultureontheotherii onemiddleline thevacillationbetweenfaithandbewilderment beliefandsuspicion MainIdeas asalientcharacteristicofModernism individualawarenessThecoreofModernistthought i thesenseofdespair bitternessandanxiety thedeathofallmodernidols God man reason science progressandhistoryageofanxiety anxietyofmeaninglessness lossofaspiritualcenter faithandvalues ii thematurationofthemodernistmovement literaryrevolutionbythe lostgeneration torebelagainstthesenselessslaughterofWWIandthetraditionalvaluesartisticrevolutionbytheDada tobreakwiththevaluesofthe19thcenturyanditsphilosophicalandpersonalmaterialismanditsrationalism TextStudy I 1 5 TextStudy MainIdeas MainIdeas TextStudy I 1 5 TextStudy MainIdeas Modernistperformancesinliteratureandart features representbothprogressiveandradicaltendencies insistuponthesubjectivityexpressivemeans expressionism cubism post impressionism futurism etc emblem theadversaryculturemajorfiguresamongwriters T S Eliot JamesJoyce GertrudeStein VirginiaWoolfmajorfiguresamongcomposers ArnoldSchoenberg IgorStravinsky AntonWebernmajorfiguresofmoderndance EmileJaques Delcroze RudolfLaban LoieFuller MainIdeas TextStudy I 1 5 TextStudy MainIdeas ModernistInfluence tobringaboutavarietyofModernistgenresandgroups Bolsheviktendencies InternationalStyle avant gardeactivity etc torevoltagainstthevaluesoftheIndustrialRevolutionandbourgeoisconservativevaluestocauseaseriesofculturalandartisticworksdifferentfromtraditionalformofarttoopenawayofthinkingandcreationtohumanculturalandspiritualdevelopment andmovetothePostmodernistera MainIdeas majorfiguresamongpainters EdouardManetmajorfiguresamongarchitects LudwigMiesvanderRohe LeCorbusier TextStudy I 1 4 TextStudy MainIdeas MainIdeas TextStudy I 1 4 TextStudy MainIdeas MainIdeas TextStudy I 1 4 TextStudy MainIdeas MainIdeas TextStudy I 2 1 TextStudy InterpretationofCulturalTerms Realpolitik powerpolicy 实力政策 Itreferstopoliticsordiplomacybasedprimarilyonpowerandonpracticalandmaterialfactorsandconsiderations ratherthanideologicalnotionsormoralisticorethicalpremises Inthisrespect itsharesaspectsofitsphilosophicalapproachwiththoseofrealismandpragmatism Realpolitikisatheoryofpoliticsthatfocusesonconsiderationsofpower notideals morals orprinciples BalancingpowertokeeptheEuropeanpentarchywasthemeansforkeepingthepeace andcarefulRealpolitikerstriedtoavoidarmsraces ThemostfamousGermanadvocateof Realpolitik wasOttovonBismarck InterpretationofCulturalTerms TextStudy I 2 2 TextStudy InterpretationofCulturalTerms InterpretationofCulturalTerms TextStudy I 2 3 TextStudy