Section Grammar Writing Module4Carnival 品味经典 1 Hisbag yesterday 2 Enough aboutthisquestion 3 Anewhospital inourcity 4 Mybike byTomnow wasstolen hasbeensaid willbebuilt isbeingrepaired 自我探究 上面几句话的谓语都使用了 语态 构成形式为 的变化构成各种时态的被动语态 被动 be 过去分词 be 一 英语的及物动词有两种语态主动语态和被动语态 主动语态中主语是谓语动词的执行者 被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者 被动语态由助动词be 动词的过去分词构成 助动词be随主语有人称 数和时态变化 被动语态的各种时态形式 二 用法1 不知道动作的执行者 或没必要说出或不愿或不便说出动作的执行者时 Thewindowhasn tbeencleanedforweeks 窗户已有数星期没擦了 Youarewishedtodoitmorecarefully 希望你做的更仔细些 2 强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时 Alltheemployeesexceptthemanagerareencouragedtoworkonlineathome 鼓励除了经理外所有的雇员在家里上网工作 3 当动作的执行者不是人时 Thechildrenwereallshockedbythedeathoftheirmother 听到妈妈的死讯孩子们都震惊了 三 被动语态的特殊形式1 含有情态动词的被动结构为 情态动词 be 过去分词 Hemustbepreventedfromgoing 必须阻止他去 2 get 过去分词为被动语态的变化形式 强调结果 Shegothurtlastweek 她上星期受伤了 3 双宾语结构用于被动语态时 通常将间接宾语变为主语 Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday 4 使役动词have make let以及感官动词see watch notice hear feel observe等在主动语态中后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补 在被动语态中后跟带to的动词不定式 可简单记为 make let与have 感官动词help 动词原形作宾补 被动语态要加to Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding 四 主动形式表被动意义1 当feel look smell taste sound等系动词后面接形容词时 当cut read sell wear cook shut dry drink wash等表示某种性质时且带状语修饰语时 当动词表示 开始 结束 关 停 转 启动 等意义时 例如 Thefishsmellsgood 鱼闻起来很香 Thebookwrittenbythatfamouswriterissellingverywell 那位作家写的书很畅销 Cottonfeelssoft 棉花摸起来很柔软 Thesecupscleaneasily 这些杯子很容易洗 2 下面的短语经常使用主动语态 comeout comeintobeing gooff runout giveout givein belongto happen cometrue 3 want require need worth后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义 例如 Theseflowerswant require needwatering 这些花需要浇水 Thesebooksareworthreading 这些书值得读 4 在 be adj todo 中 不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语 用主动表被动 例如 Thisappleisn tfittoeat 这个苹果不能吃 用动词的适当形式填空1 Something smell burnt Lookaroundtoseeifanything burn rightnow 2 Thisinvention make twothousandyearsago butit stillwidely use allovertheworld smells isbeingburnt wasmade is beingused 3 Everything prepare forTom sbirthdaypartyuptillnowandthebirthdaycake order forhim hasbeenprepared hasbeenordered 4 Anewcinema build here Theyhopetogetit finish nextmonth 5 I give tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecthisoffer isbeingbuilt finished wasgiven 句型转换1 Imademylittlebrotheramodelshiplastweek Amodelship mylittlebrother melastweek wasmadefor by 2 Weoftenhearhersingbeautifulsongsinthenextroom She often singbeautifulsongsinthenextroom 3 Didheoftenhelptheoldgrannydothehousework theoldgrannyoften dothehousework is heardto Was helpedto 4 Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby Mywallet drop agirlwhenshepassedby 5 Youshouldcorrectyourmistakesrightnow Yourmistakes rightnow shouldbecorrected wasseento by 语法填空Iwenthome withtheschoolbag1 carry inmyarm forthebeltogthebag2 break Feeling3 embarrass Ihurriedintomy4 light room Toget5 relax Iturnedonradio listeningtomusic Nothingcouldbebetterthanmusic carried wasbroken embarrassed lit relaxed 写作要求你的外国朋友John对中国的节日很感兴趣 请你根据要点以王朋的名义发一封e mail向他介绍一下你最喜欢的传统节日 春节 要点提示 春节是中国的传统节日 是农历新年的开始 春节一般在一月和二月之间 我们在春节可以聚在一起 谈论生活 工作等 我们可以品尝到美味的食品等 注意 1 文章应写成一篇连贯的短文 2 可以适当增减细节 3 词数 120左右 4 注意格式和习惯用语 写作要点1 传统节日 2 聚在一起 3 谈论我们的生活 工作等 4 做美食 atraditionalfestival gettogether talkaboutourlives workandsoon preparedeliciousfood 句式结构1 春节是在农历新年的第一天被庆祝的 一般在一月和二月之间 ofanewyearaccordingtothelunarcalendar JanuaryandFebruary Itiscelebratedonthefirstday Italwayscomesbetween 2 我们会高兴地聚在一起谈论工作 生活等 使用分词结构 Weareallveryhappytohavethechance ourlives workandsoon ofgettingtogetherandtalkingabout 3 我父母在除夕会做美食 我们全家会聚在一起 吃水饺等各种各样的食物并且一起观看电视 使用并列结构 Myparentswillpreparedeliciousfoodforusonthenewyear seve Thewholefamilywill eatdumplingsandallkindsoffood andalsowatchTV sittogether 连句成篇 佳作欣赏DearJohn SpringFestivalisatraditionalfestivalofourcountry anditisalsooneofthemostimportantones Itiscelebratedonthefirstdayofanewyearaccordingtothelunarcalendar ItalwayscomesbetweenJanuaryandFebruary Weusuallyhavefiveorsixdays holiday Sothefamilymembersalwayscomebackhometospendittogether EveryyearintheSpringFestival mysistersandbrotherscomebackwiththeirchildren Weareallveryhappytohavethechanceofgettingtogetherandtalkingaboutourlives workandsoon Myparentswillpreparedeliciousfoodforusonthenewyear seve Thewholefamilywillsittogether eatdumplingsandallkindsoffood andalsowatchTV SpringFestivallastsabout15daysandpeoplecanhaveagoodtime Yours WangPeng 类文点津本文是电子邮件 其格式和书信基本相同 但不那么严格 一般有称呼 正文和结尾三部分 本文的正文部分是说明文 注意说明要有层次 要条理清楚 课时活页 Manycountrieshaveatraditional carnival whichisn taChristianfestival Today carnivalisaninternationalmulticulturalexperience MostcarnivalsfallinFebruaryorMarch The originsofcarnivalsareancient ItdatesbacktoEuropeintheMiddleAge ThemostfamouscarnivalinEuropeisinVenice wherepeoplecanweardifferentcostumesand masks dressthemselvesupasanyone evenghost Theyusemasksandcostumestohidetheirrealidentities pretendtoberichorpoormenanddowhatevertheywanttointheconfusion Atthebeginning carnivalinVeniceonlylastedforoneday lateritwas extended Thisyear itlasted10days Becausesomeonedidbadthings carnivalwasbannedandbecamejustamemoryformanypeople Carnivalwasn treviveduntilthelateof1970sbysomestudents T