Book 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes Period 4 Grammar :定语从句修编：巩玉香导学目标 定语从句中关系代词的用法.自主学习：根据课文完成下列句子并观察划线部分关系词在定语从句的用法。1.The one million people of the city, _ thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 2. It was felt in Beijing, is more than two hundred kilometers away. 3.A huge crack was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 4.The number of people were killed or seriously injured reached more than 40,000. 5.Then ,later that afternoon,another big quake was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 6.The army organized armies to dig those were trapped and to bury the dead. 7.Workers built shelters for survivors_homes had been destroyed 思考：1-2两句中的定语从句带逗号，它们叫作“非限制性定语从句”，3-7句中的定语从句不带逗号，它们叫作“_”合作探究: 定语从句-关系代词的用法一 定语从句的概念1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫_。2.引导定语从句的词有两种:关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,关系副词有where ,why, when等。【注意】how和what不引导定语从句3.关系代词和关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,有三个作用： 1)连接主从句(引导定语从句). 2).指代先行词 3) 在定语从句中做句子成分。4.定语从句一般位于先行词_。二 关系代词的用法指代对象指代人指代物主语who，that，which，that，宾语whom，thatwhich，that定语whosewhose1. who的用法who引导定语从句时，在从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略, 先行词是人。1) This is the man who helped me out of trouble. 他就是那个帮我解决困难的人。2) I dont know the woman who you spoke to just now. 我不认识那个刚才你与她交谈的妇女。2 .whom的用法whom引导定语从句时，在从句中作宾语，可省略，先行词是人。3) The doctor whom/who you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那个医生在房间里。4) Shes a girl with whom you can talk freely. 她是一个你可以与之随便交流的姑娘。注意 whom 引导定语从句时不能用作从句的主语。whom 可以构成“介词+whom”引导定语从句3 .whose 用法whose引导定语从句时，在从句中做定语，意思为：“的”，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。5) Hes living in a room whose window faces the east. 他住在一个窗户朝东的房间里。6) The boy whose spoken English is excellent draws our attention. 那个英语口语极好的男孩引起了我们的注意。拓展“whose+n”引导的定语从句相当于“the+n+of+which/whom”或“of which/whom+the+n.”引导的定语从句.Please pass me the book whose cover is yellow and black.=please pass me the book the cover of which is yellow and black. 请把那本封面是黑黄相间的书递给我。.We saw some people whose car had broken down.= We saw some people the car of whom had broken down.【注意】(1)关系代词that既可指人也可指物。有时可与关系代词which/who/whom互换，但是当which，whom在介词的后面作宾语时，不能与that互换, 也就是说that不作介词的宾语。(2)在从句中作宾语或表语时who与whom一般可互换，但是若紧跟在介词后面作宾语时只可用whom。whom在从句中不作主语。(3)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。4. 只用that不用which的情况： 先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,many,some,something,nothing,anything,everything等时。All that we have to do is to practise every day. 我们所必须做的是就是每天练习。Ill do everything that I can (do) to help you. 我将尽一切努力来帮助你 当先行词被all, few, little, the only, any, no, the very, the last等修饰时。Ive read all the books that you gave me. 我已经读了你给我的所有的书。He is the very man that I am looking for. 他就是我真正寻找的人。 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我将永远不会忘记我的第一堂课。Its the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最有趣的书 当先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈起了他们所记得的学校里面的人和事。 一些以which/who开头的特殊疑问句,为了避免重复，用that引导。Which is the book that you want? 哪本是你想要的书？Who is the child that lost his key? 丢钥匙的男孩是谁？ 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(只限于限定性定语从句)He is not the person that he was 30 years ago. 他不再是30年前那种人了。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海已不再是过去那个样子了。5. 只用who的情况He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 任何破坏法律的人应当被惩罚。God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。【归纳总结】：先行词是 人称代词 someone/anyone等指人的不定代词 those/one/ones指人时只用who.三、定语从句的注意事项 Do you know the boy who is (be) standing under the tree?Do you know the boys who are (be) standing under the tree?【总结1】：如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词要与主语保持一致.She is one of the students who have (have) been to Beijing.She is the only one of the students who has (have) been to Beijing.【总结2】：如果one of前无the (only),定语从句中的先行词就是名词复数，谓语动词要用复数 ; 如果one of前有the (only),定语从句中的先行词就是 one，谓语动词要用单数.【技巧】1）找准先行词 2）分清先行词是人还是物 3）从句一般紧跟先行词达标检测 选词填空(who，whom，which，that，whose)1Do you still remember the chicken farm _we visited three months ago?2Some countries _names I had never heard of before were shown on the map.3The worker_ failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.4We dont know the number of people _lost their homes in the disaster.5Tom is the boy_ mother is our maths teacher.6A dictionary is a book _gives the meanings of words. 7. The passengers and the suitcases_were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane. 8. Anyone _leaves the classroom should lock the door.9. This is the best movie _we have seen this year.