U2 重点词汇讲解 一、重点动词讲解1. appoint vt. 任命，委任；约定，指定（时间、地点）(1) 任命，委任 appoint sb to be/as 任命某人 appoint sb to do 任命某人做They have appointed a new head teacher at my sons school. 我儿子的学校已经任命了一位新校长。She has recently been appointed to the committee. 她最近被选为委员会成员。They appointed him (as) captain of the English team. 他们任命他为英格兰队队长。A lawyer was appointed to represent the child. 委任了一个律师来代表这个孩子。(2) 指定 （时间地点，常常用被动）A date for the meeting is still to be appointed. 会议的日期还没有定好。Everyone was assembled at the appointed time. 每个人都聚集在指定的时间。【拓展】 n. appointment 约，预约，约会；指派，委任；职位，职务She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor. 她和儿子约定了去看医生。The department wished him success in his new appointment as sales manager. 部门希望他担任销售经理能够成功。2. mend vt. 修理，修补；解决（争端）He mended shoes for a living. 他以修鞋为生。Could you mend my bike for me? 能帮我修一下车吗？They tried to mend their differences. 他尽量修补他们的分歧。3. divorce vt. & vi. 与离婚；使分离 Theyre getting divorced. 他们打算要离婚。Shes divorcing her husband. 他打算和她的丈夫离婚。When he was depressed, he felt utterly divorced from reality. 他沮丧时便感到完全脱离了现实。【拓展】 n. 离婚；分离The marriage ended in divorce in 1996. 1996年这场婚姻以离婚而告终。the divorce between religion and science 科学与宗教的分离4. charge vt. 控告，指控；指责charge sb. with (doing) sth.He was charged with stealing. 他被指控偷盗。The report charges cars with being responsible for half of the centurys air pollution problem. 该报告称汽车是半个世纪以来污染问题的罪魁祸首。【拓展】vt. & vi. 要价；收费charge (sb./sth.) for sth. 为向某人要价charge (sb.) sth. (for sth.)Most clubs charge for the use of tennis courts. 多数俱乐部对使用网球场都要收费。The restaurant charged us $ 40 for the wine. 饭店收了我们40块的酒水钱。n. 控告；费用；掌管The project is in the charge of an experienced engineer. 这项工程在有经验的工程师的掌管下。 (1) (sb.) (be) in charge of sth. 意思是“管理；负责”，含主动含义，sb. 做主语。The chairman declared that the manager would be in direct charge of the project. 主席宣布经理直接负责这个项目。(2) (sth.) (be) in/under the charge of sb. = (sth.) (be) in/under the charge of sb. 由掌管，含被动的含义，sth.做主语The chairman declared that the project would be in the charge of the manager. 主席宣布这个项目由经理负责。(3) take charge of 有时可代替 be in charge of, 而take charge of 更侧重动作。When did you take charge of the company? 你什么时候开始掌管这家公司？He left his son in charge of the company. 他让儿子负责这家公司。5. sentence vt. 判某人死刑 sentence somebody to death 判处某人死刑to be sentenced to death/three years in prison 被判处死刑/三年监禁【拓展】 n. 判决，宣判a jail/prison sentence 监狱判决6. stress vt. 强调，着重 He stressed the importance of a good education. 他强调了良好教育的重要性。I must stress that everything Ive told you is strictly confidential. 我必须强调我告诉你的一切都是非常机密的。【拓展】（1）uc. 强调，重要性；She lays great stress on punctuality. 她强调标点的重要性。I think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality. 我认为公司太重视价格而不是品质。（2）cn. & uc. 压力 Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress. 人在压力下容易出错。Stress is often a factor in the development of long-term sickness. 压力常是长期疾病的发展的因素。7. register vt. & vi. 登记；注册 The ship was registered in Panama. 那艘船是在巴拿马注册的。She is officially registered (as) disabled. 她正式登记为伤残者。【拓展】n. 登记表；注册簿；登记簿 cn.Could you sign the hotel register please, sir? 你可以在旅馆登记薄上签名吗，先生？The teacher called the register (= checked who was present at school). 老师点了名。二、重点名词讲解1. friction n. 摩擦；争端；不和Friction between moving parts had caused the engine to overheat. 运转部分的摩擦已经导致了发动机过热。Because of it, the two countries have caused much friction. 由于这个，两个国家已经产生了很多摩擦。 2. site n. （建筑物、城镇等的）地点，位置；现场，场所A site has been chosen for the new school. 新校址已经选好。All the materials are on site so that work can start immediately. 所有的原料都在了，以便工作能够马上开始。3. assessment n. 评估，评价written and oral exams and other forms of assessment 书面和口头考试和其他形式的评估Objective assessment of the severity of the problem was difficult. 问题严重性的客观评价很难。【拓展】 vt. assess 评估，评定；估价Its difficult to assess the effects of these changes. 评估变化产生的影响很难。The committee assesses whether a building is worth preserving. 委员会评估是否这个建筑物值得保护。Damage to the building was assessed at 40 000. 建筑物的损失评估为40,000英镑。4. inspiration n. uc. 灵感 inspiration to do sthDreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist. 梦是一个艺术家丰富灵感的来源。Both poets drew their inspiration from the countryside. 两个诗人从乡村获得他们的灵感。Her work lacks inspiration (= it does not contain any exciting new ideas). 他的作品缺少灵感。【拓展】 vt. inspire 给以灵感(常被动) His paintings were clearly inspired by the famous artists work. 他的油画来自于著名的艺术家的作品。adj. inspiring 给人灵感的 inspired 有创见的，有灵感的 an inspiring teacher 一位启发能力强的老师 an inspired performance 一场极精彩的演出an inspired poet 一个富有灵感的诗人5. affair n. (尤指已婚男女的) 风流韵事；公共事务；事件They had a passionate affair for six months. 他们有一段长达六个月的韵事。international/business affairs 国际事务/生意方面的事情an expert on foreign affairs (= political events i