Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaGrammar Learntheattributiveclauses Practiceusingthegrammaticalpoints Learningaims 1 AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother 2 Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers 3 Confuciusisthephilosopherwhoseinfluencehasbeenthegreatest 4 Moziwasanotherteacherwhowasveryinfluential 5 Hecamefromafamilywhichwasverypoor Readthesentencesbelowandstudytheunderlinedclauses Leading in Grammar1DefiningAttributiveClauses 定语从句的种类 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰和限定作用 是不可缺少的成分 没有了附加信息 我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事 直接放在所限制名词的后面 在主句中作后置定语 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句中的附加信息可以省去 没有了附加信息 我们仍能清楚知道谈论的是谁或是什么事 和主句用逗号隔开 定语从句的特点 用来修饰或限定一个名词 并放在名词之后 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的作用 1 引导定语从句 起引导词的作用 2 代替被修饰词 3 在从句中充当句子成分 关系代词that which who在从句中作主语 宾语 whom作宾语 whose作定语 关系副词where when why在句中分别作地点状语 时间状语 原因状语 关系代词 1 who指人 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief 2 whom指人 作宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Theman whom who InoddedtoisMr Li ThemantowhomInoddedisMr Li 3 which指物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 如介词提前则不能省 Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear Thisrecorder which heisusingismadeinJapan Isthisthelibrary which youborrowbooksfrom Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks Heistheman that Itoldyouabout 注意 介词提前时只能用which而不能用that 4 that指人 物 作主语或宾语 作宾语可省略 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly Isthisthelibraryfromthatyouborrowbooks fromwhich Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichistorn Pleasepassmethebookofwhichthecoveristorn 5 whose用来指人或物 只用作定语 若指物时 它可以同ofwhich互换 互换时为 The n ofwhich 例如 Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoveristorn 1 Thescientistwhichwemetyesterdayisveryfamousintheworld 2 Thedresswhatsheiswearingisnew 单句改错 即学即练 Which whom who that 不填 what 不填 which that 名师点津 定语从句用关系代词引导时必须用that的情况 1 当先行词为all everything nothing something anything等不定代词时 Iamsureshehassomething that youcanborrow 2 当先行词被all any little等修饰时 I vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine 3 当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时 Thisisthefirstbook that hehasread 4 当先行词被theonly thevery修饰时 Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim 5 当先行词为人和物的名词词组时 Theyaretalkingofpersonsandthings that theyrememberintheschool 不能用that的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 当关系词前有介词时 Theroominwhichmyfamilylivechangedalot 知识拓展 1 oneof 复数名词中 关系代词引导的从句中的谓语动词用复数 但如果one前有theonly theexact等修饰时 谓语动词用单数 Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked Thisistheonlyoneofquestionsthathasbeenasked 2 as引导的限制性定语从句当先行词前有thesame as such等修饰时用as Iboughtthesamepenashelostlastnight 前后不是同一物体 Heissuchanhonestboyasweallappreciate 前后是同一人 表时间的名词 表地点的名词 reason 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 stage scene point situation business II 关系副词 1 when当先行词是表示时间的名词 year month day night 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语时 一般用when引导定语从句 也可以用介词 which的结构 但应注意的是which前介词的选择应根据先行词而定 e g ThedaywhenhewasbornwasAug 20 1998 ThedayonwhichhewasbornwasAug 20 1998 2 where当先行词是表示地点的名词 country room school 等 关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语时 一般用where引导定语从句 也可以用介词 which e g ThedeskwhereIputmybagisthis ThedeskonwhichIputmybagisthis 3 why指原因 引导定语从句Hecan tgivethereasonwhyhelikeswatchingTV Isthisthereasonwhy forwhich herefusedouroffer 1 Neverforgettheday wefirstmetinthepark 2 I llneverforgetthetime Ispentwithyou 3 I llneverforgetthetime wasspentwithyou 4 Thisisthemuseum Ivisitedlastyear 5 Thisisthereason forwhich Ididn tcomehere 6 Thereason shegavewasnottrue when which that which that which that 用when where why that which填空 即学即练 why which that 2016 北京高考 Ilivenextdoortoacouple childrenoftenmakealotofnoise 我住在一对夫妻隔壁 他们的孩子总是弄出很多的噪音 高考链接 用适当的关系词填空 whose 2 2014 湖南高考 Iamlookingforwardtotheday mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher 我一直盼望着这一天 我女儿能读到这本书并了解我对她的情感 when Grammar2Definingattributiveclauses ofwhom inwhich prep which whom object Whoistheboywithwhomyouweretalkingamomentago Whoistheboythat whomyouweretalkingwithamomentago ThebookfromwhichIgotalotofusefulinformationwaswrittenbyafamousscientist Thebookwhich thatIgotalotofusefulinformationfromwaswrittenbyafamousscientist 1 Itisthecountryinwhichsilkwasfirstinvented Itisthecountrywhichsilkwasfirstinventedin 2 HeisamanofwhomChinacanbeproud HeisamanwhomChinacanbeproudof 小结 先行词 prep which whom 主语 谓语 先行词 which whom 主语 谓语 prep Doactivities3and4onpage47 KeystoActivity31 ThemanofwhomIamthinkinginventedthefirstrealclock 2 Thesearetheleavesfromwhichsilkismade 3 Heisapersonofwhomeveryonehasheard 4 Thisisthehouseinwhichtheinventorlived KeystoActivity41 We reintheregioninwhichprintingwasfirstinvented 2 Itisaninventionofwhichheisveryproud 3 HeisamanofwhomIamafraidbecausehehasinventedsomethingverydangerous 4 Themachineatwhichyouarelookingisveryold 5 Isthattheinventortowhomyouweretalking Summaryofthegrammar 关系代词前介词 介词 which 的确定1 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系Isthatthenewspaper whichyouoftenwritearticles 2 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms whichI mnotsure 3 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯1949wastheyear whichtheP R C wasfounded in of in 1 Thisisthecar whichIpaid 100 2 Thisisthecar whichIspent 100 3 Thisisthecar whichIgotoworkeveryday 4 Thisisthecar whichIcan tgotowork 5 Thisisthecar whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown 6 Thisisthecar whichaboythrewastone 7 Thisisthecar whichwetalked 8 Thisisthecar whichthewindow