RevisionofThepassiveInfinitive Unit2Grammar 动词不定式的作用FunctionsofInfinitive 主语 subject 宾语 object 表语 predicative 定语 attribute 状语 adverbial 宾补 objectcomplement 不定式有时态和语态的变化 时态共四种 即一般式 完成式 进行式和完成进行式 语态分为主动语态和被动语态 todo tohavedone tobedoing tohavebeendoing tobedone tohavebeendone 不定式的被动语态在句中的作用 作主语 常用it做形式主语 Tobeofferedsympathybyarobotisridiculous Itisridiculoustobeofferedsympathy 翻译 被邀请参加会议是一大荣幸 Itisagreathonortobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting 2 作表语 ThepartyistobeheldnextSundayevening 翻译 Tony将由Larry的妻子Claire进行测试 TonyistobetestedoutbyLarry swife Claire 3 作宾语 SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang 翻译 这位职员不喜欢被她的顾客嘲笑 Theclerkdidn tliketobelaughedatbyhercustomers 4 作宾补 Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce 5 做定语 Whatasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen Areyougoingtothemeeting intheteachers office hold tobeheld 6 做状语Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages 结论 如果不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词发生 则用不定式的完成式 不定式的主动形式表示被动 1 在therebe结构中 例如 Thereisalotofhomeworktodo 也可用tobedone Thereisnotimetolose tobelost 2 在 主语 be 性质形容词 todo 结构中 常用的形容词有easy difficult hard impossible nice pleasant light heavy soft interesting comfortable important expensive cheap fit safe dangerous等 例如 Thequestionisnoteasytoanswer Johnisdifficulttodealwith Airinthecountrysideisfreshtobreathe 3 在 too todo adj adv enough to 结构中 如 Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein 4 在 with n todo 结构中 例如 Withnothingtodo helayinbed Withsomanyexercisestodo Ican tgotothecinema 5 句子的主语为不定式的逻辑主语时 不定式用主动 反之用被动形式 比较 Ihavealotofletterstotype Ihavealotofletterstobetyped Iwilltypetheletters Someonewilltypetheletters 1 Doyouhaveanyclothes wash Sir askedthemaid 2 Ican tgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes wash 3 I llgotoNewYork Haveyouanything take toyourwifethere tobewashed towash tobetaken 及时练 6 当不定式隐含在forsbtodo结构中时 Thisisthebestbooktoread forus youtoread Theimportantthingtodoistolockthedoorwhenweleavethehouse 7 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式 常见的这类动词有let 出租 rent hire blame等 Thehouseistolet IfeltIwastoblame 动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍 有时 尤其在口语中 虽然意思上是被动的 也往往用主动语态形式来表示 Ihavethreemotorstorepairtoday Thetaskisdifficulttofinishontime NOTICE Thedishesneed 2 Themailisintended SentenceMaking wash send tobewashed tobesent 课堂练兵 3 Thesingerrefused 4 Thehouseis photograph sell tobephotographed tobesold 5 Thewallisexpected paint tobepainted frighten 6 Thebirdseems tobefrightened 1 Shehates byherclassmates 2 Timrefused byhisfathertoschool 3 Shestruggled bytheFrenchvisitors tobeaccompanied tobeunderstood Fillintheblanks accompanyunderstandenvylaughedatdiscusstest tobelaughedat 4 Thesearetheissues tomorrow 5 Thenewdrugis outon500patientsnextyear 6 Shewasverybeautifulbutshedidn tlike byallthegirlsshemet tobetested tobeenvied tobediscussed accompanyunderstandenvylaughedatdiscusstest 1 Myambitionis totheuniversitywhichhasthemostexcellentsportingfacilitiesinBeijing A toadmitB tobeadmittedC tobeadmittingD tohavebeenadmitted 实战高考 2 Youngasheis hedoesn tlike asachild A totreatB treatingC tobetreatedD tobetreating3 Theprofessorandhisfellowworkersweresentthere forthespaceflight A trainB tobetrainingC tohavebeentrainedD tobetrained 4 Lilyhasbeeninvitedtoagardenparty nextSaturdayevening A tobeheldB toholdC tobeholdingD tohavebeenheld5 Jackisreported chairmanofthetradeunionbyallmembers A tochooseB tohavebeenchosenC tobechoosingD tobechosen 6 IsMarystillstudying I mafraidnot Sheissaid theclassroomalready A tobeleftB toleaveC tohavebeenleftD tohaveleft7 Doletyourparentsknowallthetruth Theyappear everything A tohavebeentoldB totellC tobetellingD tobetold 8 ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle A tobeheardB tohaveheardC hearingD beingheard9 Themessageisveryimportant soitissupposed assoonaspossible A sendingB tosendC beingsentD tobesent 10 Weareinvitedtoaparty inourclubnextFriday A tobeheldB heldC beingheldD holding Homework Translatethefollowingsentences 据说这次会议已经被取消了 残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑 我希望被北京大学录取 抱歉 我忘记了你的电话号码了 今天我有很多的作业要做 Thankyou