对外经济合同英文写作1对外经济合同英文写作第二版目 录www.cnshu.cn 中国最庞大的下载资料库下载Unit OneSome Language Features in the Contract Documents对外经济合同文件中的英语语言特点Unit TwoAdverbs in Law Documents 法律条款中常用的副词One HerebyTwo HereinafterThree ThereinFour ThereofFive HereofSix HeretoSeven HereinEight Thereafter; Thereto; TherewithUnit ThreeTerminology专用词汇One WhereasTwo In Witness Whereof; WherebyThree Know All Men by These Presents; Undersigned; Now Thereforewww.cnshu.cn 中国最庞大的下载资料库下载Unit FourPhrases短语与词组One Unless OtherwiseTwo In Accordance with; Under; Pursuant toThree In Respect of; In Respect ThereofFour NotwithstandingFive In the Event That; In the Event ofSix Provided thatSeven Be DeemedEight In QuestionNine In Case; In Case ofTen Be Liable; Be Liable toUnit FiveStructure of Sentence句子结构One Shall关于Shall的用法Two Positioning of Adverbial Modifiers句子中状语的位置Three Positioning of Adverbial Modifierin subordinate Clauses从句中的状语的位置Four Positioning of Clauses从句简略形式在句中的位置Five Attributive Clauses Such as关于suchas的用法Unit Sixwww.cnshu.cn 中国最庞大的下载资料库下载Main Terms of Foreign Economic Contracts对外经济合同中的主要条款One Corporate or personal Names of the Contracting Parties and Their Nationalities and Principal Places of Business or Domicile合同当事人的名称或姓名，国籍，主要营业地点或住所Two Type of Contract and Kind and Scope of the Object of the Contract合同的种类与合同的范围Three Contract and Rate, Amount and Method of Payment, and Other Various Incidental Charges合同价格，支付金额，支付方式和各种附带的费用Four Conditions for Assignment of Contract, Liability to Pay Compensation and Other Liabilities for Breach of Contract合同转让的条件和违反合同的赔偿及责任Five Methods for Settling Contract Disputes合同发生争议时的解决办法Six The Language in Which the Contract Is to Be Written and Its Validity合同使用的文字及其效力Seven Force Majeure不可抗力条款Appendixwww.cnshu.cn 中国最庞大的下载资料库下载1. Reading Materials: the Relevant Terms of Foreign Economic Affairs阅读：对外经济法规有关条款2. Samples of Contacts合同范本Unit OneSome Language Features in the Contract Documents对外经济合同文件中的英语语言特点本课程主要研究对外经济合同中英文的语言特点，进而掌握英文合同写作的语言技能。对外经济合同及其他法律文件中的英语语言，从选词、用词，到句子的独特结构，都与基础英语有所不同。比如，使用正式的法律上的用词；大量使用法律语汇中的副词，以避免重复误解，使行文准确，简洁同义词连用等。这些特点与合同文件的本身特性有关，与合同中每一条款的写作要求有关。合同条款要求用词准确，易懂，句子结构严密，意思明确无误。还要做到既要把阐明的事项面面点到，滴水不漏，无懈可击。又如，在进行对外经济合同及其他法律文件的文件写作时，对一些关键性的词常常采用同义词连用，主要是由于许多英语词汇有一词多义的特点，在句中可能发生意思不明或产生歧义，产生合同双方可能按自己的意图来理解的弊端。同义词连用是取两个或两个以上词的共义，以便确保所用的词不被曲解，保证内容上准确，维护法律文件的独解性尊严。另外，对外经济合同英文写作不是基础英语的写作，也不是简单的英文商务信函的写作，而是正式的法律文件的写作。进行合同的英文写作，除应掌握上述的语言特点外，还www.cnshu.cn 中国最庞大的下载资料库下载应具有相应的专业知识和法律知识。为说明问题，本单元只从三个方面来说明对外经济合同文件中的英语语言的特点。详细的语言技能将在后面的几个单元里学习。第一 选用正式的或法律条文的用词The Contract document is a legal document which the Parties to the contract shall comply with. The language used in the contract document shall be clear, unadorned and legal.One language feature in contract document is wording. The words and phrases used in the said documents shall be legal, formal, and accurate.Examples（1）The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed to be construed as part of this Contract.整个合同期间，本合同的附件理解为合同的一部分。句中的be deemed（被认为）和construed（理解）为正式用词。Be deemed 比be considered正式，construed比understood正式。（2）The first Board meeting shall be convened within one month after the issuance of the Companys business license.第一www.cnshu.cn 中国最庞大的下载资料库下载次董事会应在公司营业执照签发后一个月内召开。句中convened比called held/ assembled正式。（3）“Permanent Works” means the permanent works to be executed in accordance with the Contract.“永久工程”是指根据合同将实施的永久工程。in accordance with在合同等法律文件中常用，比according to要正式。(4)The headings and marginal notes in these conditions shall not be deemed part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the Contract.本合同条件中的标题和旁注不应视为合同本文的一部分，在合同条件或合同本身的理解或解释中也不应考虑这些标题和旁注。句中construction意为explanation，但比explanation正式，此词在法律文件中常用。有的国际法律文本中，此词被译成“构成”，显然是错误的。(5)If under Clause 31 the Employer employs other contractors on the Site, the Employer shall require them to have the same regard for safety and danger.如果根据第31条规定，业主在现场还雇用其他承包人时， 业主应同样地要求这些承包人在安全和避免危险方面负同样的责任。句中的require是正式用词，比ask正式。而且，require表示上对下的要求，表示法律条款对合同当事人的要求。而ask一词没有这么明确，它含有request 和 require之意，其中request表www.cnshu.cn 中国最庞大的下载资料库下载示下对上的要求，在译成中文时，为“请求”。可见在此句中只能用require最为恰当。(6)The submission to and consent by the Engineer of such program or the provision of such general descriptions or cash flow estimates shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his duties or responsibilities under the Contract.向工程师提交并同意的上述进度计划或提供上述一般说明或现金流通量估算，并不解除合同规定的承包人的任何义务或责任。句中consent(同意)和estimates(估算)都是正式用词。(7)The Chairman may convene an interim meeting in accordance with a proposal made by one-third of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price董事长可根据董事会三分之一董事的提议，召集临时董事会议。句中convene(召集)和interim(临时)都是正式用词。(8)The employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and remedying of