ThedifferencebetweenLangueandParole 黄舰影 FerdinanddeSaussureThedifferencebetweenLangueandParoleTherelationshipbetweenLangueandParole FerdinanddeSaussure FerdinanddeSaussure 1857 1913 wasaSwisslinguist Hewasthepivotalfigure 中心人物 inthetransitionfromthe19thto20thcentury andisgenerallyconsideredthefounderofmodernlinguisticsHewasborninGeneva 日内瓦 in1857 Switzerland Byage15 hehadlearnedGreek French German EnglishandLatin Itwasnotuntil1906thatSaussurebeganteachingCourseinGeneralLinguisticsthatwouldconsumethegreaterpartofhisattentionuntilhisdeathin1913 ThedifferencebetweenLangueandParole Saussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordateoflinguistics utterances asLangueandParole whileparoleconstitutestheimmediatelyaccessibledate thelinguist sproperobjectisthelangueofeachcommunity thelexicon andphonologyimplantedineachindividualbyhisupbringinginsocietyandonthebasisofwhichhespeaksandunderstandshislanguage 索绪尔将说话者的语言能力和语言的实际现象或语料区分为语言和言语 虽然言语是及时可得的材料 但语言学家研究的正确的对象是每个社团的语言 在这个社团中 个人在成长过程中被教授各种词汇 语法和语音 在这个基础上他们说话 理解他们的语言 Langue alsoknownaslanguage istheexchangeofinformationbetweenhumanbeings whichincludesexpressionfromthespeakerandcomprehensionfromthelistener Langueismoreofanabstractliteraryterm Itexitsinthebrain insteadofinthemouth Itisagenerallyacceptedrulethatmakespeopleinacertainareaexpressandcomprehendamessageinacertainway Paroleisthewordsthatpeopleusetocommunicate Jacksaid Iloveyou toRoseinthestreet Thesentenceitselfistheparole AndhowRoseunderstandthissentenceisallaboutthelangue InChinese woaini meansIhaveastrongfeelingforyou andhopethatIcouldbetheonlyoneyoucare Sothestorymaygolikethis Holdingadiamondring Jacksaid Iloveyou toRoseandproposedformarriage WhileinAmerica Iloveyou notonlycanbeusedbetweenloversbutalsocanbeusedbetweenfriends Sothestorymayhaveatotallydifferentedition ItwasChristmasday Rosesentagifttoeveryfriend Jackreceivedabasketball Hewassoexcitedthathesaid Whatagift Iloveyou Rose Insuchacircumstance Iloveyou isnotthemagicword andnothinghappenedafterwards Aswecansee thesamewordshavedifferentunderstandinginChineseRoseandAmericanRose Itisthelanguethatmakesthedifference Tobemorespecific itishowpeopleintheareausethisphrasethatprovidestheunderstanding First langueisabstractandparoleisconcrete Parolehassoundandwrittenform whichcanbesawandheard Second langueisagenerallyacceptedwayofcommunication Itissocialandnational whichcannotbeeasilychangedbyindividual Apeoplesharethesamelangue Ontheotherhand paroleissimplyapersonalchoice Amancanspeakinhisownstyle Third langueisrelativelyfixedandparoleistemporary Onlywhenanewwordgainspublicrecognition canitbeacceptedaspartofthelangue thedifferencebetweenlangueandparole TherelationshipbetweenLangueandParole langueandparolearecloselyrelated languemakesparolecomprehensible andparoleisanecessarypartoflangue Withoutlangue parolecanonlybecomemeaninglesssoundpattern Withoutparole Languecanonlyexpressverylimitedideas Inthestudyoflinguistic langueisthegoalandparoleisthetool Fromthecollectionandanalysisofparole wecouldhaveaninsightofthelangue Thankyou CourseinGeneralLinguistics 普通语言学教程 Itwasposthumouslypublishedin1916 ItisconsideredSaussure smostinfluentialwork Hisideasinthisbookleaveamonumentalimpact Alinguisticsystemisaseriesofdifferencesofsoundcombinedwithaseriesofdifferencesofideas FerdinanddeSaussure