Unit One Urban Life or Rural Life. Pre-listening ActivitiesPart 1略Part 2There are positive effects and negative effects of living in the suburbs.l Positive effects:1. The air might be cleaner.2. There are more trees and less traffic congestion.3. Youll probably have a garden.l Negative effects: 1. Most people drive more and walk less. 2. Youll have little time for cooking and thus rely heavily on junk food. ScriptIn the suburbs the air might be cleaner, as there are more trees and less traffic congestion. Better still youll probably have a garden, which most inner-city dwellers dont. Gardening is a healthy activity for you, and your children have the chance to play outside every day. This is a lot better for them than playing computer games all day because there is nowhere to go.The disadvantages of living in the suburbs are the flip side of the city advantages. Most people living in the suburbs end up driving more and walking less, as nothing is particularly close. This leads to weight gain and general lack of fitness. Those medium sized journeys that suburb dwellers need to do could be done on a bicycle, although this is not always practical or even possible.A less obvious effect of having to commute is little time for cooking. If a considerable portion of your time is spent getting to and from work, it is tempting to rely heavily on junk food, ready meals and takeaways. None of these is very healthy and too many can lead to obesity and the associated health problems. Listening TasksTask 1 Understanding News ReportsNews Item One1. A 2. B News Item Two1. C 2. BNews Item Three1. D 2. B 3. C ScriptNews Item OneQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.Janet Yellen, the head of the United States central bank, says she expects the U.S. job market to continue to improve.Janet Yellen says the inflation rate should rise close to a yearly rate of 2%. That inflation rate would keep prices stable and support the economy, says the central bank, or Federal Reserve System.Too much inflation and prices rise too high, too fast. Not enough inflation and prices and growth remain flat or decline. Currently, inflation is well below 1%.Many economists interpret Yellens comments as a signal that the Federal Reserve might raise the key interest rate on December 16. The Federal Reserve has considered increasing important interest rates for a long time. But it has been cautious about making rate changes, fearing that the economy would react badly.Questions:1. What is the current inflation rate? 2. What has been considered by the Federal Reserve for a long time? News Item TwoQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.Malia Obamas decision to wait a year before going to college is bringing new attention to “Gap Years.”A gap year is when a student takes a year off after high school to do volunteer service, travel, or work before starting college.The White House announced on Sunday that President Barack Obamas oldest daughter will wait until the fall of 2017 to start classes at Harvard University in Massachusetts.The announcement led to lots of news stories about “gap years”. Some observers think her decision might lead other high school graduates to wait a year before continuing their studies.“It is going to be the biggest thing ever for gap year programs in the United States,” said Joe OShea, director of undergraduate research at Florida State University.Harvard University urges students to consider taking a gap year to get some much-needed rest before entering college.Questions:1. When will Malia Obama start classes at Harvard University?2. What is the news report mainly about? News Item ThreeQuestions 1 to 3 will be based on the following news item.Hollywood actress and filmmaker Angelina Jolie told the world this week that she had had another operation to reduce her chance of getting cancer.On Tuesday, the 39-year-old actress published a piece in New York Times. She wrote about her decision to have her ovaries and fallopian tubes removed to protect herself from ovarian cancer. She did not have her uterus removed, as she has no family history of uterine cancer.Two years ago, doctors performed a double mastectomy on the star. Jolie also wrote a piece for New York Times about the decision to remove both her breasts.Jolie took that action after discovering she carried a mutation in the BRCA1 gene. This put her at a very high risk of getting breast cancer. The same mutation also gave her a 50% risk of getting ovarian cancer. Jolies mother, aunt and grandmother all died of cancer.The actress said she wrote about her decision so that women would know about what treatments are available to them. She noted that surgery may not be the best choice for every woman. She wrote, “The most important thing is to learn about the options and choose what is right for you