本资料来源 2 StatisticalProcessControl統計製程管制 3 ChapterOutline概述 StatisticalThinkingandStatisticalMethods統計思維與統計方法StatisticalProcessControl SPC 統計製程管制Typesofdata資料型態Constructingcontrolcharts如何架構管制圖Interpretingcontrolcharts管制圖之說明Processcapability製程能力Acceptancesampling允收水準Inspectionprocess檢驗程序Qualitymeasures品質的量測Samplingvs screening抽樣與篩選 4 Process製程 Variation變異 Data資料 StatisticalTools統計方法 StatisticalThinking統計思維 StatisticalMethods統計方法 StatisticalThinkingandStatisticalMethods統計思維與統計方法 5 StatisticalThinking統計思維 KeyConcepts主要觀念Processandsystemsthinking製程與系統的思維Variation變異Analysisincreasesknowledge分析可以增加知識Takingaction可以採取行動Improvement可以用來改善RoleofData資料的角色Quantifyvariation量化的變異 變動 Measureeffects量測的效應 6 Youcan timproveaprocessthatyoudon tunderstand 你若對製程不懂 就無法改善製程 WithoutaProcessView若無製程的觀點 Peoplehaveproblemsunderstandingtheproblemandtheirroleinitssolution turf 吾人在其問題的理解與對策執行的角色扮演上會有問題Itisdifficulttodefinethescopeoftheproblem 難以定義問題範圍Itisdifficulttogettorootcauses 難以找到真正的要因Peoplegetblamedwhentheprocessistheproblem 80 20Rule 吾人在當製程是真正問題時 會遭到責備Processmanagementisineffective製程管理沒有效果Improvementisslowed改善緩慢 7 WithoutUnderstandingVariation若不了解其變異 Managementbythelastdatapoint永遠是用最後的資料作管理 永遠在頭痛醫頭 腳痛一腳 沒有源頭置根本的觀念 There slotsoffirefighting火災不斷Usingspecialcausemethodstosolvecommoncauseproblems用特別的方法處理共同要因的 一般性 問題Tamperingandmicromanagingabound修改與小事的管理老是存在Goalsandmethodstoattainthemfail目標與方法無法達成Understandingtheprocessishandicapped只知道製程是個問題Learningisslowed學習慢Processmanagementisineffective製程管理沒有效果Improvementisslowed改善慢 8 WithoutData若是手上沒有資料 Everyoneisanexpert 每個人都是專家Discussionsproducemoreheatthanlight討論不斷Historicalmemoryispoor歷史的記憶模糊Difficulttogetagreementon 難以得到協議若Whattheproblemis無法得知問題是什麼Whatsuccesslookslike無法得知其成果將如何Progressmade或由哪一製程所產出Processmanagementisineffective製程管理是無效的Improvementisslowed改善慢 9 Earlyon wefailedtofocusadequatelyoncoreworkprocessesandstatistics 初期若核心工作製程與統計無法適當集中 其結果 WithoutStatisticalThinking若無製程統計的思維 Yourmanagementandimprovementprocessesarehandicapped吾人的管理與改善將有障礙It slike其像Footballwithoutapassingattack足球未經核准即攻擊Growingalawnwithoutfertilizer草地未經施肥Doingresearchwithoutmeasurements研究未做量測資料Playinggolfwithoutyourirons不用自己的球竿打高爾書球 10 SECURESTORE KIT LoadProgramLoadPick PlaceLoadReflowProfileLoadStencil ScreenSolderPaste PartsSMTPlacement I RReFlow Clean PEMParts ASIC ADC DAC Placement HandSolder Clean SecondLevelAssy Touch upsolderjointsMechanicalInstallationsStaking Bonding Clean ElectricalFunctionalTest Clean Bake ConformalCoat PostTestInspection AcceptanceTestElectrical ControlledStorage InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint Through holeandPlasticPartsPreparationTinComponentsForm CutAxialLeads Through holeComponentPlacement HandSolder Clean InspectionCheckpoint PWBPreparation CleanInkStampBake ProductionOperation InspectionOperation TestOperation MaterialControlOperation KEY ManufacturingFlowDiagramofPWBAssemblyPWB組裝之製造流程圖 11 SECURESTORE KIT LoadProgramLoadPick PlaceLoadReflowProfileLoadStencil ScreenSolderPaste PartsSMTPlacement I RReFlow Clean PEMParts ASIC ADC DAC Placement HandSolder Clean SecondLevelAssy Touch upsolderjointsMechanicalInstallationsStaking Bonding Clean ElectricalFunctionalTest Clean Bake ConformalCoat PostTestInspection AcceptanceTestElectrical ControlledStorage InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint InspectionCheckpoint Through holeandPlasticPartsPreparationTinComponentsForm CutAxialLeads Through holeComponentPlacement HandSolder Clean InspectionCheckpoint PWBPreparation CleanInkStampBake ProductionOperation InspectionOperation TestOperation MaterialControlOperation KEY ManufacturingFlowDiagramofPWBAssemblyPWB組裝之製造流程圖 12 Dependsonlevelsofactivityandjobresponsibility 依據活動的層級與工作執掌 Wherewe reheaded我們朝何方 Managerialprocessestoguideus用管理的程序來指導我們 WheretheworkgetsDone讓所需的工作被執行完成 Strategic策略上的 Managerial管理上的 Operational作業性的 Executives高階決策層 Managers經理階層 Workers現場員工 UseofStatisticalThinking運用統計思維 13 Executivesusesystemsapproach 決策者運用系統導向策略Coreprocesseshavebeenflowcharted主要程序已被流程圖表化Strategicdirectiondefinedanddeployed 策略方向的訂定與展開Measurementsystemsinplace 適當的量測系統Employee customer andbenchmarkingstudiesareusedtodriveimprovement 是以員工 客戶與benchmarking的研究被用來主導改善Experimentationisencouraged 鼓勵實驗 StatisticalThinkingattheStrategicLevel決策者之統計思維 14 Managersusemeetingmanagementtechniques經理利用會議管理技巧Standardizedprojectmanagementsystemsareinplace 適當的標準化專案管理系統Bothprojectprocessandresultsarereviewed 此專案的流程與結果已被審核Processvariationisconsideredwhensettinggoals 當設定目標時 流程的變異已被考慮Measurementisviewedasaprocess 量測點被視為一個流程Thenumberofsuppliersisreduced供應者數目減少Avarietyofcommunicationmediaareused 廣泛的傳訊媒體被採用 StatisticalThinkingattheManagerialLevel經理階層統計思維 15 Workprocessesareflowcharted documented工作程序已被流程圖表化與書面化Keymeasurementsareidentified 主要量測點已被確認Timeplotsdisplayed時間的圖示被展現Processmanagementandimprovementutilize 製程管理與改善採用Knowledgeofvariation and變異觀念的知識