2020;2020届高考英语二轮专题复习精品之必备词汇辨析（七）1、gather, collectgather为“收集，聚集”，可用于人或事物，指把零散的人或事物聚集起来。collect为“收集，采集”，只能用于事物，不能用于人。当指一般性的收集，即把分散的事物集合在一起时，与gather同义，可以相互换用。如gather/collect flowers（采花），gather/collect fallen leaves(聚拢落叶)。它另可指为某种目的而有选择地收集，着重计划性和选择性。试比较：gather books 把书聚集在一起 - collect books 收集藏书gather money 攒钱 - collect money 筹募资金gather stamps 把邮票集中在一起 - collect stamps 集邮gather thoughts 集中思想 - collect thoughts 组织思想2、gaze, glare, staregaze为“凝视”，指聚精会神地注视，含有倾慕，神往或惊喜等意味。它常和介词at, on, into连用。如：He gazed into the blue sky.他出神地望着蓝天。She gazed at/on the film star with admiration.她带着倾慕的眼神看着那个影星。glare为“怒视”，指凶狠愤怒地注视，强调敌对的态度。它常和介词at连用。如：The angry farther glared at his daughter.怒气冲冲的父亲愤怒地看着自己的女儿。The men who were fighting glared at each other.正在打架的两个人愤怒地看着对方。stare为“盯着看，呆看”，指出于惊奇或痴呆，无礼地，目不转睛地看。它常和介词at, on, into连用。如：His eyes were staring at her like those of a wild animal.他的眼睛像野兽般地盯着她看。He stared on the foreigner in wonder.他好奇地盯着那个外国人看。3、get in, get on这两个短语均可表示“上车”。get in后接小轿车，出租车等小型车辆。由于其车身较低，只有进入的概念，没有上的概念。get on后接公交车，火车等大型车辆，以及飞机，自行车，摩托车，马匹等，指上车上马时要脚登上阶梯或踏脚等。表示“下车，下马”时，也相应地用get out of a car/taxi 及get off a bus/train/horse等。如：They invited us to get in the car and go to the amusement park.他们邀请我们上车去游乐场玩。When the singer got out of the taxi, he was welcomed by a group of young people.当这位歌手走出车门时受到了一群年轻人的欢迎。They are calling us to board the plane; lets get on. 他们在叫我们登机，我们走吧。4、get into trouble, go to the troubleget into trouble为“出事，遇到麻烦”，指由于行为不慎等原因而招惹麻烦，陷入困境。如：If you go this way, you might get into trouble with the police.如果你这么做的话，警方会找你的麻烦。He has got into trouble; lets go and help him.他遇到了麻烦，我们去帮助他吧。此结构中的get也可作及物动词，后接宾语，表示“使某人陷入困境”。如：His bad habit was always getting him into trouble.他的坏习惯使他惹上了麻烦。go to the trouble为“费事，不辞辛苦”， 指主动地去承担麻烦，后可接动词不定式或接of短语。它与take the trouble同义。如：The host went to the trouble to make me comfortable.主人为了我的舒适而不辞麻烦。She went to the trouble of shortening the trousers for her younger brother.她主动揽下了把她弟弟的裤子改小的任务。为了加强语气，此结构中的trouble前可用a lot of等修饰语代替the。如：Ill stay here for dinner, but please do not go to a lot of trouble for me.我会留下来吃饭，但请别特地为我做很多菜。5、gift, present这两个词皆可作“礼物”解，常可互换使用。gift的基本含义是强调give(给)，表示一种“赠与”，它可指新的，珍贵的礼物，也可指一件旧的物品。它不强调给予者与受予者之间的关系，不具有为所接受的东西付酬谢的含义，也排除了回报之意。如：He gave gifts of money to the poor. 他将钱赠予穷人们。The gold chain was a Christmas gift from her aunt. 这条金链子是她阿姨送给她的圣诞礼物。present专指为表达敬意、亲情、友谊而赠送的实物，强调赠送者与接受者之间的亲密关系。如：Students exchange presents on New Years Eve. 除夕之夜，学生们互赠礼物。6、give away, give way这两个动词词组意义完全不同。give away是一个及物动词词组，后需接宾语，它的主要意义为“分发(奖品，考卷，书本等物品)，失去(机会)，泄露(底细，机密，想法)”。如：The principal gave away the prizes at the sports meeting.校长在运动会上颁奖。You have given away a good chance.你失去了一个良机。The heroic girl refused to give away the secret to the enemy.女英雄在敌人面前拒绝泄漏秘密。give way是一个动宾结构的词组，后面不能再接宾语。它主要用来指人显示谦让和屈服的“让路，让步”，以及具体事物的“崩塌。如：The boy gave way to the old lady.这男孩给一位老太太让路。Its his mothers fault for giving way to him too often.老是迁就这孩子是他妈妈的错。The old wall gave way and injured three children.这堵墙崩塌了，致使三个孩子受伤。7、give in, give up这两个短语动词作“投降”讲时，通常可以互换使用。如：Completely surrounded by our troops, the enemy finally gave in / up.由于我军将敌军团团围住，他们终于投降了。give in还可表示“屈服；让步”的意思，此时它作不及物动词用，后不能跟宾语。如：Stubborn as he was, he finally gave in.他虽然很固执，但最后还是让步了。Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.双方都振振有词地辩论着，可谁也不服谁。give up 则还可表示“放弃(希望)；戒除”的意思，作及物动词用，其后接名词或动词作宾语。如：All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search abandoned.要找到那架失踪的飞机已经毫无希望，于是搜索停止了。He soon gave up smoking when he heard the medical report.他听了那次医学报告后，不久就把烟戒了。8、give off, give out这两个短语都表示“散发，发出”之意，一般可以换用，但侧重点有所不同。give off通常用来表示“散发，发出”某种气体或气味。如：Boiling water gives off steams.开水散发出蒸汽。This milk must be bad, for it is giving off a nasty smell.牛奶一定变质了，因为它散发出一种令人恶心的气味。The chimney no longer gives off volumes of waste gas into the atmosphere, as protective filters are being used.加装了防护过滤器以后，这烟囱已不再向空中散发成股的废气了。give out 则通常用来表示“散发”某种光，声，热，信号等物理现象。此外，它还可以表示“分发，宣布，耗尽”等现象。如：The leaves gave out a whirring sound.树叶发出沙沙声。The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.太阳向地球发出光和热。The ship gave out radio signals for help.船发出无线电信号求助。The government gave out food to people out of work.政府向失业者分发食品。He gave out that the president was dead.他宣布说总统去世了。It was feared that food supplies would give out before the besieged town could be relieved.都害怕在那城市解围之前断了粮。Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.赶了很长一段路后，人马俱乏。9、glad, happy, pleasedglad为“高兴的，乐意的”，指一时短暂的强烈喜悦，只能用于人。它只能作表语，不作定语，后可接介词of短语，不定式或that从句。如：Im glad of your success in the games.你在比赛中获得胜利，我为你感到高兴。Were glad that you have won the gold medal.我们很高兴你能获得金牌。happy为“幸福的，高兴的”，隐含一种强烈的满足感，可用于人或事物。它可作定语及表语，后可接介词 about, at, over, with短语及不定式或that从句。如：The story has a happy end.这个故事的结局皆大欢喜。I am so happy that you could visit us.很高兴你能来看我们。pleased为“喜悦的，满足的”，指持续时间较长的喜悦，只能用于人。它多作表语，很少被用作定语，它的后面可接介词at, about, with短语，不定式或that 从句。如：There is nothing to be pleased about.没什么可高兴的。Mother was pleased with my full ma