天津市宝坻区大白庄高级中学高中英语必修三学练稿：book3Grammar二内容：.Step I 过去完成时的被动语态：1. By the time the tornado ended, more than 700people had been killed.2. Coghlan traveled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas.3. My computer had been all right till last week.总结：过去完成时可表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前-_, 即发生在“过去的过去”，过去完成时的被动语态是一个相对的概念，表示的是_,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较式才使用。常和以下词连用： already,yet,still,just,ever,before,never,等副词；by the end of, before, until, when,as soon as等词引导时间状语。用法： a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought 动词后的宾语从句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句: 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示 “原本，未能”IIIWe had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。 e.g: 1. He said that he_（learn） some English before. 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison_ （begin）to make a living by himself. 3. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests_ (leave) when he arrived at the party.Step II. 直接引语变间接引1“The storm was extremely violent,” said a local man.2“What shall I do next?” the girl wondered3The headmaster said, “dont litter the floor with scraps of paper.”总结：直接引语变为间接引语时, 宾语从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点状语等都要作相应变化。 人称的变化：遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。即：直接引语中的第一人称在变成间接引语时，要和原句中的主语保持一致；直接引语中的第二人称在变成间接引语时, 要和原句中的宾语保持一致; 直接引语中的第三人在变成间接引语时, 保持不变。 时态的变化变化项目直接引语间接引语时态变化一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来 指示代词/时间状语/地点状语等的变化变化项目直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthese时间状语nowtoday, tonightthis week/monthyesterdayThree days agotomorrownext week时态变化一般现在时Step III。Training1. 单项填空：1）“Have you seen the film？”he asked me。 He asked me 。Ahade I seen the film B。have I seen the filmCif I have seen the film D。whetherI had seen the film2）“Please close the window，”he said to me。He_me_thewindow.said to ; to close B. told to ; closingC. asked ; to close D. said to ; please close3) “You have already got well , havent you ?”she asked .She asked _.if I have already got well ,havent youwhether I had already got wellhave I already got wellhad I already got well4) He asked, “How are you getting along ?”He asked _.A .how am I getting along B .how are you getting alongC .how I was getting along D .how was I getting long5) He asked me _with me.A .what the matter is B. what the matter wasC .whats the matter D .what was the matter2 . Rewrite the sentences using the reporting expressions.1).Volcanic eruption dont happen very often on the island.A scientist said that _2). No one was on the island during the volcanic eruption.A local journalist said that _3). The thunderstorm will put out the fires.Local people said that _4). The residents can go back to their homes. The governor said that _Step III。Training ：2. 单项填空：1）“Have you seen the film？”he asked me。 He asked me 。Ahade I seen the film B。have I seen the filmCif I have seen the film D。whether I had seen the film2）“Please close the window，”he said to me。He_me_thewindow.said to ; to close B. told to ; closingC. asked ; to close D. said to ; please close3) “You have already got well , havent you ?”she asked .She asked _.if I have already got well ,havent youwhether I had already got wellhave I already got wellhad I already got well4) He asked, “How are you getting along ?”He asked _.A .how am I getting along B .how are you getting alongC .how I was getting along D .how was I getting long5) He asked me _with me.A .what the matter is B. what the matter wasC .whats the matter D .what was the matter2 . Rewrite the sentences using the reporting expressions.1).Volcanic eruption dont happen very often on the island.A scientist said that _2). No one was on the island during the volcanic eruption.A local journalist said that _过去完成时一般将来时