Unit 1 Great scientistsPart Grammar一、【学习目标】1.熟练掌握动词过去分词的构成和作用；2.熟悉动词过去分词做定语及表语的基本用法。二、【自主预习】Step1. Discover useful structures1. - Look at the excited boy! Why is he so happy?- He has got the first prize in the contest.- No wonder he is excited!2. Look at the sentences carefully. Pick out the attributes & predicative of the sentences. Give reasons for why you divide them into these groups.1) I was angry with him for keeping me waiting so long.2) She is a beautiful young lady.3) He got worried about losing the money.4) Sally was so excited at the good news.5) So many thousands of terrified people died.3. Find more examples in the reading passage where the past participle is used as attribute and predicative.1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. ( )2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. ( )3) He got interested in the two theories.()4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.()Step2. Learn about language分词的概念分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等。分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征。过去分词的定语和表语功能定语表“完成”或“被动”boiled water开水fallen leaves落叶the risen sun升起的太阳 selected apples 精选苹果spoken English英语口语iced beer冰镇啤酒cooked food熟食fried chips炸土豆条单个的过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词语之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。Look! She is collecting used books.Hurry up，there is only a little time left.过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。Near the window，there is a bookshelf filledwith many books(=which is filled with many books).Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was broughtup by me)has begun to work now.表语当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.He seemed quite delighted at the idea.过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。My glasses are broken. (状态)My glasses were broken by my son. (动作)On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.(状态)I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door. (动作)三、【合作探究】(一)过去分词作定语1. 前置定语(1)被动意义：an respected guest 一位受尊敬的客人How many finished products have you got up to now? 到现在为止，你已经得到多少成品？=How many products that have been finished have you got up to now?(2)完成意义：a retired worker 一位退休的工人The children are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 孩子们正在打扫院子里的落叶。=The children are cleaning the leaves that have fallen in the yard.【总结】：_的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之_, 作前置定语。表示_和_的意义。2.后置定语Things seen are better than things heard. 眼见最好。=Things which are seen are better than things which are heard.This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.这将是这类小说中写得最好的。=This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.【总结】：过去分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词_，作后置定语，作用相当于一个_。【注意】：如被修饰的词是 something, anything, everything, nothing ,-one, -body以及those等, 分词放在被修饰词的后面。Do you have anything unfinished? 你还有什么没完成的事吗？He is one of those kidnapped. 他是那些被绑架的人之一。单个分词也可以作后置定语, 用以强调动作。They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。不及物动词的过去分词仅表示时间的完成, 无被动意义。现在分词表示动作正在进行。fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves正在下落的树叶 a developed country发达国家 a developing country发展中国家the boiled water(凉）开水 the boiling water沸水（二）过去分词作表语The teacher seemed quite delighted at the idea.When we heard of the story, we were deeply moved.His hair is nearly all gone.过去分词作表语表示主语的_和_。【注意】：过去分词作表语：强调_被动语态： 强调_四、【课内达标】I. Finish exercises 2 and 3 on Page 5 in the textbook.II. 完成句子1. How I regretted the hours _!我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊！(waste)2. I like wearing clothes _.我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。(make)3. We11 go to visit the bridge _.我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。(build)4. I _ the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。(disappoint)5. She _ upon hearing the news.听到那个消息她似乎非常震惊。(shock)五、【课后总结】我学会了我还不会