Unit 2 The Olympic Games 第四节完形填空题常见问题与解决方法完形填空是学生最犯怵的题型之一，由于文章的残缺性和不连贯性使得很多学生难以正确理解文章的内容，所以导致大量失分。根据完形填空测试特点，阅卷老师无论是在校研究生或老师，都非常一致地认为，在做完形填空时，学生非常容易出现的错误如下：问题一：没有注意上下文的内在联系，而只拘泥于个别词句的意思。问题二：基础知识不牢固，对同义词、近义词的辨析能力不强，以及对一词多义掌握不全面。问题三：文章的意思无法准确掌握，把握不好文章主旨大意而大量失分。下面我来一一讲解：问题一：没有注意上下文的内在联系，而只拘泥于个别词句的意思问题描述与分析完形填空出题的理论依据是，人类在阅读的时候，由于阅读思维的惯性，即使信息残缺也可以得到完整的理解，但是因为个别学生的思维习惯并没有得到很好地养成，所以有时太局限于个别词句，而没有上下联系，造成理解的偏误，因而失分。典例精析与诊断【例1】 (2009全国卷)It was always thought that Treasure Island was the product of Robert Louis Stevensons imagination. _36_， recent research has found the true story of this exciting work.Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived _37_ for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a _38_. With him were his American wife Fanny and his son _39_.Each morning Stevenson would take them out for a long _40_ over the hills. They had been _41_ this for several days before the weather suddenly took a turn for the worse. Kept indoors by the heavy rain Lloyd felt the days _42_. To keep the boy happy Robert asked the boy to do some _43_.One morning, the boy came to Robert with a beautiful map of an island. Robert _44_ that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of _45_. “Whats that？” he asked. “Thats the _46_ treasure，” said the boy. Robert suddenly _47_ something of an adventure story in the boys _48_. While the rain was pouring, Robert sat down by the fire to write a story. He would make the _49_ a twelveyearold boy, just like Lloyd. But who would be the pirate(海盗)?Robert had a good friend named Henry, who walked around with the _50_ of a wooden leg. Robert had always wanted to _51_ such a man in a story. _52_ Long John Silver, the pirate with a wooden leg, was _53_.So, thanks to a _54_ September in Scotland, a friend with a wooden leg, and the imagination of a twelveyearold boy, we have one of the greatest _55_ stories in the English language.36A.However BTherefore CBesides DFinally37A.alone Bnext door Cat home Dabroad38A.meeting Bstory Choliday Djob39A.Lloyd BRobert CHenley DJohn40A.talk Brest Cwalk Dgame41A.attempting Bmissing Cplanning Denjoying42A.quiet Bdull Cbusy Dcold43A.cleaning Bwriting Cdrawing Dexercising【答案解析】36选择A。句意为：人们一直认为金银岛一书是史蒂文森凭空想象出来的。然而最近的一项研究披露了这部作品诞生的一些细节。表示转折关系，应选however。37选择D。前句的a Scotsman和下句returned to Scotland暗示，罗伯特史蒂文森是苏格兰人，长期在国外生活。38选择C。根据第三段中第一句介绍他们每天早上爬山游玩，可判断他们一起回国时是为了度假。39选择A。根据42前面的Lloyd felt the days.可判断史蒂文森的儿子名为Lloyd(劳埃德)。40选择C。当时的时间是1881年、地点是over the hills，因此他们三人只能是在山间漫步，因此填walk。41选择D。由于他们在度假，因此从纵情山水中得到极大的快乐，因此填enjoying。42选择B。上句Kept indoors by the heavy rain暗示在下雨天待在旅馆很乏味，故填dull。43选择C。下段中谈到儿子把他画的画给父亲看，因此可判断父亲让儿子作画消磨时光，故填drawing。【误点诊断】 阅卷老师分析容易出错的是37，此题需要上下联系，而不能孤立地看此题。【例2】 (2009北京卷)There was only one way to get money, and that was to _42_ it. He would have to find a job. _43_ who would hire him and what could he do? He decided to ask Mr. Clay for advice, who usually had _44_ on most things.“Well, you can start right here，” said Mr. Clay. “My windows need cleaning and my car needs washing.”That was the _45_ of Jamess oddjob(零工) business. For three months he worked every day after finishing his homework. He was amazed by the _46_ of jobs that people found for him to do. He took dogs and babies for walks, cleared out cupboards, and mended books. He lost the _47_ of cars he washed and windows he cleaned, but the _48_ increased and he knew that he would soon have _49_ for the bicycle he longed for.42A.borrow Bearn Craise Dcollect43A.Or BSo CFor DBut44A.decisions Bexperience Copinions Dknowledge45A.beginning Bintroduction Crequirement Dopening46A.similarity Bquality Csuitability Dvariety47A.brand Bnumber Csize Dtype48A.effort Bpressure Cmoney Dtrouble49A.all Benough Cmuch Dsome【答案解析】42选择B。从下文他为别人干活，可以看出他能弄到钱的唯一办法是自己去挣钱。earn“挣，赚”；borrow“借”；raise“筹借；筹集”；collect“募捐”。所以B项正确。43选择D。他想赚钱购买心仪已久的那辆自行车，“但是”又不知道谁会雇用他，也不知道自己能做什么。44选择C。根据本句前半句中提到的advice一词可知他对大部分事情都有自己的“见解”。45选择A。根据上一段中Mr. Clay所说的话可知James的零工生涯“开始”了。opening多用来表示大型活动的开张，因此不太恰当。46选择D。根据下一句中的内容可知人们给他提供的工作“各种各样”。前三项分别表示“相似”、“质量”、“适合”，都与下一句中的内容不符。47选择B。他忘记了冲洗的车辆和清洗的窗户的“数字”，言外之意是他的打工生涯很辛苦且而且很忙碌。48选择C。他打工的目的就是为了挣钱，进而购买那辆自行车，所以此处表示的是他的“钱”越来越多。49选择B。他知道他很快就有“足够”的钱购买那辆渴望已久的自行车。【误点诊断】 老师们都认为44和45题易错，因为44题中每个选项都可以搭配，但联系一下前面的advice可得到正确答案。45题也需要联系上段Mr.Clay所说的话方能得到正确答案。解决方案与指南(1)完形填空题的文章是一篇具有完整语言信息的短文，其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的联系，所以考生在选择答案时不要只注意空格所在的短语、句子或段落，还要从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。(2)考生在做题时有时会遇到几处答案难以确定，考生在推敲疑点时要紧扣文意，从全篇的角度寻找线索，应该把答案