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专题七 非谓语动词专题导读1分词作状语考查最多高考题中多数考查分词作状语,包括原因、伴随等。这些题要求我们首先分清非谓语动词与所修饰词的逻辑关系,然后选择。2分词短语作定语在所考查的众多非谓语动词作定语中,几乎所有的都为短语形式,这一点需要大家注意。3非谓语动词的各种用法都有所涉及,但固定形式不多。非谓语作状语、定语、主语都有所考查,但固定搭配考查不是重点。技巧点拨:1分清主被动关系是解题的关键分析2020;2020、2020;2020两年的高考题,我们发现,现在分词与过去分词是高考的重点。而选择时只要我们知道非谓语动词与所修饰的名词或代词之间的关系,解题就很容易了。现在分词表达主动的动作,过去分词表达被动的动作,这是解题的关键。2分清非谓语动词在句子中所作的成分句子的成分不同,所选的非谓语形式就有可能不同,即使同样是作状语,作时间、条件、伴随、方式等状语与作目的状语也不同。例如:表达目的我们运用不定式等。、3积累一些固定形式过去分词中有的与主语的被动意义强,有的从汉语的角度看不出来,如:(be) seated, (be )dressed, (be) located等。也有的为固定形式,与主语没有逻辑关系,如:to tell you the truth, judging from,generally speaking等。真题典例【解析】 C句意:这个岛由一座桥和大陆连着,很容易去的。考查非谓语动词。island和join之间是被动关系,故需用过去分词。joined to the mainland by a bridge相当于一个定语从句which is joined to the mainland by a bridge。()1. 2020;2020全国卷 The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.Ajoining Bto joinCjoined Dhaving joined()2. 2020;2020全国卷 Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _nothing about the argument.Asays Bsaid Cto say Dsaying【解析】 D句意:莎拉假装很高兴,对争论没有说什么。saying为现在分词短语,作伴随状语。()3.2020;2020北京卷 Its important for the figures _ regularly.Ato be updated Bto have been updatedCto update Dto have updated【解析】 Afigure(数字)和update(更新)是动宾关系,因此要用被动形式,此外,从后面的regularly(经常地)来看,更新是经常性的动作,所以应该用一般式。()4.2020;2020北京卷 Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _ on your feet.Ato keep BkeepingChaving kept Dto have kept【解析】 B句意:坐下吧,艾玛,老是站着会更累的。这里是分词作状语,描述站着的状态,用分词的一般式。()5.2020;2020山东卷 Look over theretheres a very long, winding path_ up to the house.Aleading Bleads Cled Dto lead【解析】 A句意:看那儿有一条很长的,蜿蜒曲折的小路通向那座房子。考查现在分词短语作后置定语。leads 用作谓语动词,本题的there be句型中已经用is,故排除B项;path与lead之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,又由题中的动词look可以判断lead这一动作不是表示将来的动作,故可以排除过去分词短语和不定式短语充当的后置定语,即排除C、D两项。在本句中leading up to the house作后置定语,修饰path,相当于定语从句which leads up to the house。故选A。()6.2020;2020江西卷 On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from office.Asays BsaidCsaying Dto say【解析】 C句意:在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒的时候,戈登先生立刻从办公室冲回家。考查非谓语动词的用法。非谓语动词修饰phone call,前后动词的动作在同一时间发生,表主动进行用现在分词的形式。【解析】 B句意:最近一项关于对比相同的产品在不同的超市的价格的调查引起了市民的热烈讨论。考查非谓语动词。a survey与compare之间的关系为主动关系,此处为现在分词作定语,可以换成定语从句,Recently a survey which/that compared prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.()7.2020;2020江苏卷 Recently a survey_ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Acompared BComparingCcompares Dbeing compared( )8.2020;2020安徽卷 Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.Abreak BbreakingCbroken Dto break【解析】 D句意:汤姆问糖果生产商他们能否生产那种可以很容易就掰成小块的巧克力。考查动词不定式的用法。此处为make宾语adj.to do。()9.2020;2020浙江卷 Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.Alose BlostCto lose Dhaving lost【解析】 B句意:即使是最好的作家有时候也会发现自己找不到合适的话表达自己。考查非谓语动词。find是表示心理变化的动词,其后的themselves是宾语,空格处应作为宾语补足语使用,所以要使用lost,表示“迷惘的,不知所措的”,lost是形容词。新题预测()1.She cant help_ the house because shes busy making a cake.Ato clean BcleaningCcleaned Dbeing cleaned【解析】 A受思维定势的干扰,此题很容易想起cant help doing(情不自禁做某事);但在此句中,从后面的提示“因为我忙于做蛋糕”可以看出是“无法帮忙”,因此此题应用help to do。()2.New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before_.Abeing fully acceptedBfully acceptedCfully acceptingDfully being accepting【解析】 AB有较大干扰性。此处before为介词,而并非连词,因此后面用动名词,ideas 与accept有逻辑上被动关系,因此用动名词被动形式。()3.He claimed _ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.Abeing badly treatedBtreating badlyCto be treated badlyDto have been badly treated【解析】 D由句中claimed可知不定式发生的动作在谓语动作之前,故应该用不定式的完成式。()4._the past, our life is much better.AComparing with BBe comparedCTo compare with DCompared with【解析】 D过去分词短语作条件状语,相当于If it is compared with, compare 与our life之间为逻辑被动关系。()5.Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office_.Ato send it to Bto send itCto be sent to Dto have it sent【解析】 A不定式或不定式短语作定语,放在被修饰的名词后面,通常用主动形式表示被动意义,指将来的动作。send sth. to 为固定短语。()6._for several weeks, the city needed food.AAs having floodedBBeing floodedCHaving been floodedDTo flood【解析】 C the city与flood之间为被动关系。flood的动作发生在need之前, 因此此处用现在分词被动形式的完成式,而不可以现在分词的被动形式。()7.Li Ming was made _ the blackboard for a week as a punishment.At
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