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公共英语(PETS)写作指导:开头写作技巧1首先,我们为考生介绍两种经典的开头方法:1 开头技巧一:名人名言开头引用名人不仅能够作为很好的切入点展开话题,而且还能够显示考生深厚的英语功底。可能有的考生会疑惑:“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”一般来说,引用名人名言不一定要记住每个单词才行。 如果考生能够记住大致的内容,也可以引用。引用名人名言的经典句型:A proverb says, “you are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于只记住大致意思的名言)更多经典句型:As everyone knows, no one can deny that我们为考生总结了一些考生常用的名人名言,附在本节后面,供考生记忆使用。2 开头技巧二:数字统计要想使自己的论证更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试考生只需要记住一个大概得数据即可。所以不妨试用下面的句型:A ccording to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.更多句型:A recent statistics shows that 除以上两种特殊用法以外,我们为考生整理了以下开头常用句型,供考生参考:文章开头句型:1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题.例如1) When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently.2) When it comes to . , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the proffer/latter .)3) Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that . They claim/believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether.2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .1) Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) . has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.2) Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of .has been brought into focus. ( has been brought to public attention)3)Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.3 观点法 -开门见山,直截了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.1) Never history has the change of . been as evident as .Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of . been more visible/popular than.2) Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that.3) Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to.Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of .4) Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.4 引用法 - 先引出有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!1) Knowledge is power. such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people.Education is not complete with graduation. Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.2). How often we hear such statements/words like those/this. In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this .5 比较法 - 通过对过去,现在两种不同的倾向,观点的比较, 引出文章要讨论的观点.1) For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing . , people . .2) People used to think that . (In the past, .) But people now share this new.6 故事法 - 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.1) Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt . The phenomenon of. has aroused public concern.2) I have a friend who . Should he . ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.3) Once upon a time , there lived a man who . This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.7问题法 - 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.Should/What . ? Options of . vary greatly, some ., others .But in my opinion, . .(二)主体段落的写作原则作文的主体部分是全文文字最密集的地方,也是最彰显考生功底的地方,于是,我们总结出了关于主体段落写作的几个原则,考生在平时练习时,注意体会掌握。1. 长短句原则中国考生语法功底普遍很好,因此,在写作文时,很容易出现长句堆积的现象。但是,这样很容易使得文章枯燥乏味,读起来费解。相反,写一个短小精辟的句子,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且,如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,更能够使文章文采飞扬。在这里我们强烈建议考生:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉。文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。2. 主题句原则英文写作和中文写作的一个很大的区别在于:中文写作喜欢水到渠成,只有在最后才透露观点,然而英文写作往往却开门见山,在文章的段首就讲明白整段的内容。所以在这里建一靠赊概念一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让阅卷人一目了然,文章结构更加清晰。特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的。To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
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