语法精讲强化系列六、并列句和状语从句 (一)并列句考纲解读考纲要求理解并列句的结构, 掌握并列连词的基本意义, 根据句子之间的相互关系能正确运用连词。掌握构成并列句的并列连词如: and, or, but, yet, so, while, when和either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 等。命题趋势: 1. 着重考查对句子间意义关系的理解, 判断连词的误用并予以纠正。2. 考查句子间的逻辑关系, 填入适当的连词。考题链接. 单句语法填空1. (2019天津3月高考)Immediately, I contacted agencies that support those children and they said the stuffed animals would certainly lift childrens spirits. 2. (2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. . 单句改错3. When I studied chemistry at high school, I reconsidered my goal but decided to be a doctor. (but改为and)4. (2018全国卷)I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed. (but改为and)5. (2018全国卷)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. (and改为or)解题思路1. 解题两步走第一步, 先分析是并列句还是主从复合句。第二步, 若是并列句, 分析并列句之间的关系, 然后选用正确的连词。2. 常考的并列连词包括but, and, so等, 有时when和while也可用作并列连词。3. 解题时, 要分清两个分句之间是并列关系、转折关系还是因果关系等, 从而得出正确答案。考点清单1. 并列连词(1)并列连词按照在句中的作用可分为: 表并列关系的连词(and, as well as, both. . . and. . . , not only. . . but also. . . , neither. . . nor. . . 等)、表转折关系的连词(but, yet, while等)、表选择关系的连词(or, either. . . or. . . 等)、表因果关系的连词(for, so等)。*People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses. (2)when和while可作并列连词。when表示“在那时, 此时突然”; while表示“然而, 而”, 表对比或转折关系。并列连词when常用于以下句型中: . . . was/were doing. . . when. . . (正在做这时(突然). . . was/were about to do. . . when. . . (刚要做这时(突然). . . was/were on the point of doing. . . when. . . (刚要做这时(突然). . . had just done. . . when. . . (刚/一就)*The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motorbike. 2. 祈使句+and/or/otherwise句式(1)祈使句+and+陈述句=if. . . , +主句。*Find ways to praise your children often, and youll find they will open their hearts to you. =If you find ways to praise your children often, youll find they will open their hearts to you. (2)祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句=if. . . not. . . , +主句。*Hurry up or we will be late. =If you dont hurry up, we will be late. 用适当的连词填空(2019全国卷) I work not because I have to, _because I want to. 解题关键: 根据句意逻辑可知, 此处为转折关系, 构成“not. . . but. . . ”结构, 表示“不是而是”。答案判定: but. 用适当的词填空1. We all have at least one TV memory that will last a lifetime. But there is undoubtedly a bad side to TV. 2. Construction on Carnegie Hall began in 1890 and the official opening night was on May 5, 1891. . 单句改错3. At eleven o clock we felt tired but we put out the fire and got into our tent. (but改为so)4. They give us lots of love and care, and we only care a little for them. (第二个and改为but或while)5. However, some feel that animals should not be kept in cages, and should rather be let out in the wild. (and改为but)6. Some young people dream of becoming scientists when others wish to become astronauts. (when改为while)(二)状语从句考纲解读1. 状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较和让步状语从句等9种, 是每年必考的语法项目。2. 高考主要考查连词的判断选用, 主句与从句谓语动词的时态运用。其中, 以对时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句的考查最为频繁。3. 近几年, 重点考查的连词有: when, while, as, before, unless, however等。4. 近三年, 高考有考查状语从句、宾语从句、名词性从句交叉运用的题型出现。考题链接单句语法填空1. (2019全国卷)If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice. 2. (2019全国卷)Then, when I was in the fifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much. 3. (2016全国卷)Over time, as the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 解题思路1. 确定主句从句。一般而言, 主从复合句中, 由连词引导的句子为从句, 没有连词的句子为主句。2. 确定从句修饰主句的哪一部分。状语在句子中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子, 它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句可以这样理解: 即以一个句子充当状语, 换言之, 是把状语从句作为一个整体, 而这个整体来充当句子的状语这一成分。3. 根据从句与主句逻辑关系确定连接词。引导状语从句的连词各种各样, 种类繁多, 不同的连词, 根据其意义和功能, 可以引导不同的状语从句, 根据具体情况确定连词。考点清单考点1 让步状语从句1. though/although: 在句子中一般用了“虽然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”, 但可以与yet或still连用; though与although意义相同, 用法基本一样, 前者通俗, 口语化, 后者正式, 多放在主句的前面。*Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty in waking him up. 2. even if和even though的意思为“即使, 纵使”, 有退一步设想的意味, 多用于书面语中。*Even if the connections were visible, they would remain beyond the understanding of most people. 3. as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语, 从句常放在句首, 语序部分倒装。被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。若表语是单数可数名词, 则该名词提前时, 省去其前的冠词。*Tired as they were, they walked on without any rest. 4. no matter(who, what, when, where, which, how. . . ): no matter. . . 与wh-ever/however引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样, no matter. . . 引导的从句可位于主句前或主句后。*No matter how dry a desert may be, it is not necessarily lifeless. 5. wh-ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/ whichever); however。wh-ever/however从句中的动词有时可以和may连用; wh-ever/however可引导让步状语从句也可引导名词性从句, no matter. . . 只能引导让步状语从句。*To show our respect, we usuall